[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Arts, Poetics, Architecture & Lexicography](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art) › [Poetics](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara) › [Treatises on rasa, the erotic sentiment and heroines](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa) › [Shringaraprakasha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa) › 5.p1.12 # Shringaraprakasha 5.p1.12 Śṛṅgāraprakāśa 5.p1.12 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [5.p1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.12) atra bhīsmyorhecatubhaye, liyaḥ sammānanaśālimīkaraṇayośca, vyaktavācāṃ samuñcāraṇe, vada ātmanepadaṃ, śeṣe parasmaipadamityarthabhedaḥ | evamanayadapyūhanīyam | 5.8. nanu ca, ’ya ātmanepadāt bhedaḥ kkacidarthasya gamyata’ ityatra kkacidnrahaṇaṃ kimartham ? ucyate | parasmaipadātmanepadobhayapadananāmātmanepadapasasmaipadobhayapadayogaḥ ṣaṭ prakāro bhavati | prakṛtinimittaḥ, prakṛtyarthanimittaḥ, pratyayanimittaḥ, pratyayārthanimittaḥ, upaskāranimittaḥ, upaskārārthanimittaśca | tatrārthanimitteṣu yathāyogamarthāvagatihetutvaṃ vidyate ; śeṣeṣu tu na vidyate | kkacidnrahaṇena jñāpayati | tatrātmanepadayogaḥ prakṛtanimitto yathā--anudāttaṅita ātmanepadam ; jñāśrusmṛdṛśāṃ sanaḥ, edhate cyavate susmūrṣate didṛkṣata, iti | prakṛtyarthanimitto yathā--prakāśanastheyākhyayośca, bhujo'navane, gṛdhivañcyoḥ pralambhate, karmavyatīhāre tiṣṭhate bhuṅkte gandhāyate vyatilunīta iti | pratyayanimitto yathā--vipārabhyāṃ jeḥ, samavapravibhyaḥ sthaḥ, samastṛtīyāyuktāt, mithyopapadātkṛño'bhyāse, vijayate parājayate, saṃtiṣṭhate avatiṣṭhate pratiṣṭhate vitiṣṭhate, aśvenasañcarate, padaṃ mithyākārayati | upaskārārthanimitto yathā--veḥ pādaviharaṇe, āṅojyetirudbhamane, upāṅ mantrakaraṇe, dāṇaścasāceñcaturthyarte, vikramate vājī, ākramate jyotaḥ, sāvitryupatiṣṭhate, dāsyā saṃyacchata iti | prakṛtinimittaḥ parasmaipayoge yathā--śeṣātkartari parasmaipadam, bhavati vyatihasanti, vyatiharanti, parasparasya vyati | pratyayārthanimitto yathā--kuṣirajauḥ prācāṃ śyan, parasmaipadaṃ ca ; > Here, \[the roots\] bhī- and smi- \[take the middle voice\] when there is fear \[caused by\] the instigator, and lī- \[takes the middle voice\] in the senses of honoring and modesty, and vad- \[takes the middle voice\] when there is simultaneous utterance by articulate speakers; elsewhere there is the active voice—such are the distinctions of meaning. Other cases are to be inferred in the same way. \[5.8.\] But surely, in the statement “The difference of meaning that is understood somewhere from the middle voice,” what is the purpose of saying “somewhere”? / It is answered: The employment of the active voice, the middle voice, or both voices for \[roots\] that take the active, middle, or both voices is of six kinds: caused by the base, caused by the base-meaning, caused by the affix, caused by the affix-meaning, caused by an augment/modifier, and caused by the modifier's meaning. Among these, in those caused by meaning, the status of being a cause for understanding meaning exists appropriately; but in the others it does not exist. This is what he indicates by mentioning “somewhere.” / Among these, the connection with the middle voice caused by the base is as in: “From \[roots having\] an unaccented grave \[vowel\] or ṅ \[as an indicatory letter\], the middle voice \[is used\]”; “From jñā-, śru-, smṛ-, and dṛś- after the desiderative affix \[san\]”; \[as in\] edhate, cyavate, susmūrṣate, didṛkṣate. Caused by the base-meaning is as in: “And in the designations of revealing and an arbitrator”; “From bhuj- when not meaning to protect”; “\[From the desiderative of\] gṛdh- and vañc- \[and from lambh- with pra-\]”; “In reciprocity of action”; \[as in\] tiṣṭhate, bhuṅkte, gandhāyate, vyatilunīte. Caused by the affix is as in: “From ji- after vi- and parā-”; “From sthā- after sam-, ava-, pra-, and vi-”; “From \[sthā- preceded by\] sam- connected with an instrumental”; “From kṛ- preceded by mithyā in the sense of repetition”; \[as in\] vijayate, parājayate, saṃtiṣṭhate, avatiṣṭhate, pratiṣṭhate, vitiṣṭhate, aśvena sañcarate, padaṃ mithyākārayati. Caused by the modifier's meaning is as in: “From \[kram- preceded by\] vi- in pacing of the feet”; “From \[kram- preceded by\] ā- when light is shining forth”; “From \[sthā- preceded by\] upa- when making a mantra”; “And from dā- preceded by sam- when in the sense of the dative without actual \[gift\]”; \[as in\] vikramate vājī, ākramate jyotiḥ, sāvitryā upatiṣṭhate, dāsyā saṃyacchate. / The connection with the active voice caused by the base is as in: “From the rest, the active voice is used in the sense of the agent”; \[as in\] bhavati, vyatihasanti, vyatiharanti, parasparasya vyati\[haranti\]. Caused by the affix-meaning is as in: “According to the Easterners, śyan \[is used\] after kuṣ- and rañj-, and the active voice \[too\]”; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 5.p1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.11) - [Next: 5.p1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.13) - [Up: 5.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa~en-mt.5.p1.12) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaumudī (another edition)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi*alt.21.26.p13) — Sanskrit - [Aṣṭādhyāyī as in the Kāśikā (word-split digital edition, P. M. Scharf)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.astadhyayi*scharf.3.1.90) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.12) · Pramāṇa