[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Arts, Poetics, Architecture & Lexicography](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art) › [Poetics](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara) › [Treatises on rasa, the erotic sentiment and heroines](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa) › [Shringaraprakasha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa) › 5.p1.1 # Shringaraprakasha 5.p1.1 Śṛṅgāraprakāśa 5.p1.1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [5.p1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.1) pañcamaḥ upādhyādyārthacatuṣṭayaprakāśaḥ 5.1. prakṛtryathapratyayārthadeṣu kārakāṇāṃ pravṛttiviśeṣaḥ kriyā ; tāmanupahitāṃ kṛbhvastayo vadanti | teṣāṃ parasparamasaṃbhedābhyāṃ sāmyotkarṣāpakarṣajanmānaḥ dvādaśa dhātvarthabhedāḥ kriyā bhavanti | tadyathā--akarmakāḥ, antaḥkarmakāḥ, arthānatarakarmakāḥ, avivatritakarmakāḥ, prasiddhakarmakāḥ, dvikarmakāḥ, prasiddhakartṛkāḥ, bhāvakartṛkāḥ, karmakartṛkāḥ, kartṛsthakriyāḥ, karmasthakriyāḥ, ubhasthakriyāśceti | te cāparispandasaparispandabhedāt pratyekaṃ dvidhā bhūtvā catirviṃśatirjāyante | tatra svabhāvatostiḥ tadudāsīnakartṛkatvādaparispandaḥ |karotiḥ prayuñcānakartṛkatvātsaparispandaḥ | bhavatiḥ vikurvāṇakartṛkatvātsaparispandāparispanda iti sthitam | ato'styarthāśca nyagbhavatayo nyagastayaścākarmakā bhavanti | teṣu pūrve aparisampandā yāta--bhidyate, svadate, vartate, prīyate iti | uttare saparispanadāḥ yathā--jāyate, vivardhate, spharatīti | ta eva nyakkarotayo'ntaḥ karmakāḥ ; teṣu pūrve aparispandāḥ yathā--jīvati, mriyate, putrīyate, prāṇitīti | uttare saparispandāḥ yatā--nṛtyāti, śvasiti, vāṣpāyate, roditīti | astikarotyarthāḥ karotibhavatvarthāścārthaāntarakarmakāḥ | teṣu pūrve aparispandāḥ yathā--tarati kāṣṭhaṃ, tarati vipadaṃ viparyasti matiṃ, viparyasyati hastamiti | uttare saparispandāḥyathā--vahati bhāraṃ, patati parṇam, patatyadhvānamiti | ata evanutkarotayo'pi vivakṣitakarmakāḥ | teṣu pūrve aparispandāḥ yathā--saṃjñā saṃjñinyabhiniviśate, buddhistattvamabhiniviśate, tīrthe upavasati, trirātramupavasatīti | > Fifth chapter: Illumination of the Tetrad of Meanings Beginning with the Morphological Base. Among the meanings of morphological bases and meanings of affixes, action is a particular operation of syntactic roles; the verbal roots kṛ ('to make'), bhū ('to become'), and as ('to be') express it unconditioned. Arising from their non-mixture, equality, preponderance, and deficiency in relation to one another, there are twelve distinctions of verbal-root meanings that constitute actions. Namely: intransitive, internally transitive, transitive toward another meaning, unexpressedly transitive, well-known in object, ditransitive, well-known in agent, having an abstract state as agent, reflexive-passive, having action residing in the agent, having action residing in the object, and having action residing in both. And through the distinction between motionless and motion-endowed, each becomes two, producing twenty-four. There, by nature, as ('to be') is motionless because it has an indifferent agent. Kṛ ('to make') is motion-endowed because it has an active agent. Bhū ('to become') is both motion-endowed and motionless because it has a transforming agent: this is established. Hence, verbal roots expressing the meaning of as, those in which bhū is subordinate, and those in which as is subordinate, are intransitive. Among these, the former are motionless, as in: bhidyate ('it splits'), svadate ('it tastes sweet'), vartate ('it exists'), prīyate ('he is pleased'). The latter are motion-endowed, as in: jāyate ('it is born'), vivardhate ('it grows'), sphurati ('it throbs'). Those very ones, with kṛ subordinate, are internally transitive; among these, the former are motionless, as in: jīvati ('he lives'), mriyate ('he dies'), putrīyate ('he desires a son'), prāṇiti ('he breathes'). The latter are motion-endowed, as in: nṛtyati ('he dances'), śvasiti ('he sighs'), vāṣpāyate ('he weeps tears'), roditi ('he cries'). Those having the meanings of as and kṛ, and those having the meanings of kṛ and bhū, are transitive toward another meaning. Among these, the former are motionless, as in: tarati kāṣṭham ('a piece of wood floats'), tarati vipadam ('he crosses over misfortune'), viparyasyati matim ('he changes his mind'), viparyasyati hastam ('he turns his hand'). The latter are motion-endowed, as in: vahati bhāram ('he carries a load'), patati parṇam ('a leaf falls'), patatyadhvānam ('he traverses the road'). For this very reason, those with kṛ not prominent are also intendedly transitive. Among these, the former are motionless, as in: saṃjñā saṃjñinyabhiniviśate ('the designation applies to that which possesses the designation'), buddhistattvamabhiniviśate ('the intellect fastens upon the truth'), tīrthe upavasati ('he fasts at a sacred ford'), trirātramupavasati ('he fasts for three nights'). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 4.p1.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.4.p1.64) - [Next: 5.p1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.2) - [Up: 5.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa~en-mt.5.p1.1) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p1.1) · Pramāṇa