Laghukoshasamgraha 4

English (machine translation) 4

Language: English

4.1

Śabdaratnapradīpa.
First solitary verse:
1-1
The pearl of words, of pure phonemes and multiple meanings, the best,
the learned keep on their necks [by heart], full of faith day and night.

4.2

1-2
Since the ocean of words is infinite, though produced from traditional transmission, / praise to that Self of Speech whose sole standard is its own statement!

4.3

1-3
Whatever word a poet composes by the grace of Sarasvatī, / whether well-known or obscure, is authoritative to the wise.

4.4

1-4
Śiva is auspicious; Śiva is Śambhu; Śivā is Gaurī; Śivā is yellow myrobalan; / Śiva is fallow land; Śivā is a jackal; the āmalakī fruit is Śivā.

4.5

1-5
Gaurī is declared the beloved of Śiva; Gaurī is considered yellow orpiment; / Gaurī is an unparched [maiden]; Gaurī is a woman of pure ancestry on both sides.

4.6

1-6
Hari is Indra; Hari is the sun; Hari is Viṣṇu; Hari is the wind; / Hari is a lion; Hari is a frog; Hari is a horse; Hari is a monkey;

4.7

1-7
Hari is a ray; Hari is a timid one; Hari is Soma; Hari is Yama; / Hari is a parrot; Hari is a serpent; Hari is remembered as the two colors gold [and green].

4.8

1-8
Madhu is liquor; Madhu is honey; Madhu is nectar; [madhu is] soft; / Madhu is the Daitya; Madhu is the month Caitra; madhu is also remembered as the madhūka tree.

4.9

1-9
Kṣudrā is a courtesan; kṣudrā is a river; kṣudrā is stated as a honeybee; / kṣudra is remembered as intolerant; kṣudrā is the thorny nightshade.

4.10

1-10
Vāha is a draft animal; vāha is wealth; a current is called vāha; / vāha is a particular measure; and vāha is remembered as an arm.

4.11

1-11
A heap of bricks and the like is a hāra; a string of pearls is remembered as a hāra; / a hāra is a particular measure; and hāra is called a field.

4.12

1-12
Bhāva is the self; bhāva is the mind; bhāva is existence and also in the sense of being; / bhāva is the most venerable in the world; an entity is accepted as bhāva.

4.13

1-13
Kuthā is declared a patched garment; kutha is an elephant's housing; / kutha is kuśa grass; kutha is a worm; a twice-born who bathes in the morning is kutha.

4.14

1-14
The designation kutapa applies to kuśa grass, time, sesame, a goat, / a blanket, water, the sky, a daughter's son, a rhinoceros-horn vessel, and fire.

4.15

1-15
The word go denotes an arrow, speech, an animal, the earth, a direction, a ray, water, an eye, / heaven, a mother, the thunderbolt, fire, the face, and truth.

4.16

1-16
Bhaga is remembered for prosperity, fame, good fortune, the female organ, beauty, greatness, / the sun, a specific name, and the moon.

4.17

1-17
For cloud, king, god, litigant, husband, / fool, child, and one desiring victory, the word deva [is used, and also for a man with leprosy].

4.18

1-18
For the mouth of a trumpet, a sword-blade, a lotus, the tip of an elephant's trunk, heaven, / an island, a sacred ford, a cause, and what is distinguished, the word puṣkara [is used].

4.19

1-19
For the head, mind, water, body, face, Brahman, wind, / desire, time, gold, wealth, and sound, the word ka [is used].

4.20

1-20
For the soul, king, sun, virtue, ascetic, horse, / white, a kind of bird, and also for Hari, the word haṃsa [is used].

4.21

1-21
Rasa is water, rasa is joy, rasa is [erotic sentiment] beginning with love, / rasa is the sap of flowers and the like, mercury is also rasa, [and] poison.

4.22

1-22
For milk, flower-nectar, water, scum, liquor, ghee, and blood— / in these seven meanings the wise declare kīlāla.

4.23

1-23
For sesame paste, dirt, flesh, a blanket, soft bone, / a calf, an intoxicated person, [and] strength, the wise declare palala.

4.24

1-24
For a horse, tail, banner, sectarian mark, mountain, virtuous man, / wealth, an artery, [and] ornament, lalāma is remembered in [the sense of] 'best'.

4.25

1-25
Vasu is the sun, vasu is fire, vasu is a ray of light, the vasus are the vital breaths, / vasu is a jewel, vasu is wealth, [and] the eight Vasus are Dhara and the rest.

4.26

1-26
Letters are remembered as varṇas; varṇas are qualities such as white; / a varṇa is a song at the opening of a drama; varṇas are to be known as the twice-born and the others.

4.27

1-27
The white color is named arjuna; the Pāṇḍava is also remembered as Arjuna; / arjuna is a kind of grass; arjuna is the kakubha tree.

4.28

1-28
A bandage for a wound is a paṭṭa; a paṭṭa is birch-bark with written letters; / a warrior's consecration cloth is a paṭṭa; paṭṭa may be preliminary perfuming.

4.29

1-29
Bali is an offering of worship; Bali is the foremost of Dānavas; / a bali is a fold on a woman's waist; a bali is skin wrinkled with age.

4.30

1-30
For a hole, garment, and likewise middle, interval, the inner self, / an external connection, opportunity, distinction, and misfortune, antara [is used].

4.31

1-31
Ariṣṭa is said to be a house; Ariṣṭa is the bull-demon; / the crow and the neem are ariṣṭas; and ariṣṭa is here declared to be welfare.

4.32

1-32
A sense organ is to be known as kambala; a woolen cloth is a kambala; / a kambala is the dewlap of cows; kambala is remembered as a lotus.

4.33

1-33
A circle is declared a maṇḍala; a collection is remembered as a maṇḍala; / a maṇḍala is a district of land; and a maṇḍala is the son of Saramā [a dog].

4.34

1-34
Kuntala is a synonym for hair; Kuntala denotes a country; / Kuntala is an architect; and one holding a spear in hand is a kuntala.

4.35

1-35
A maṇi is the tip of the phallus; a maṇi is declared the clitoris; / a maṇi is the raised rim of a well; a maṇi is ruby and other gems.

4.36

1-36
Tantra is a scriptural treatise, family is tantra, tantra is the preparation of proven medicine, / tantra is happiness, strength is tantra, [and] tantra is the means of weaving.

4.37

1-37
Netra is a kind of garment; netra is spoken of as an eye; / the cord of a churning-stick is netra; [and] a netra is the musk-deer.

4.38

1-38
A dhātu is a bodily humor such as wind; a dhātu is remembered as coming from a mountain [a mineral]; / a dhātu is remembered as verbal action [a root]; a dhātu is a bodily fluid such as chyle.

4.39

1-39
Kāṇḍa is an arrow, the palm is kāṇḍa, kāṇḍa is held to be a collision, / kāṇḍa is time, strength is kāṇḍa, and kāṇḍa is also the trunk of a tree.

4.40

1-40
Sudhā is plaster for a palace, sudhā is lightning, sudhā is nectar, / sudhā is here to be known as food, sudhā is the earth, sudhā is the snuhī plant.

4.41

1-41
Velā is a specific division of time; [velā] is the surge of ocean waters; / velā is service, the cutting of a finger; velā is the land between valleys.

4.42

1-42
For a festival, a courtyard, a moment, and likewise an obligation, / the word kṣaṇa is spoken in [the sense of] order, and also time.

4.43

1-43
A bhrūṇa is a fearful man, a twice-born is a bhrūṇa, a bhrūṇa is an embryo resting in the womb, / a bhrūṇa is an outcaste, an infant is a bhrūṇa, [and] an invalid is called a bhrūṇa.

4.44

1-44
The best is celebrated as indra; the king of gods is called Indra; / the five objects of sense, sound and the rest, are well known by the name indra.

4.45

1-45
Ahi is a kind of Daitya; ahi is the sun; ahi is a traveler; / a snake is declared ahi; and the son of Siṃhikā [Rāhu] is also ahi.

4.46

1-46
Vyāla is a snake, a beast of prey is vyāla, vyāla is an agitated elephant, / a negligent man is vyāla, [and] a lion is spoken of as vyāla.

4.47

1-47
A milch cow is a dhenu; a female elephant is a dhenu; / a small knife is remembered as a dhenu; a dhenu is an auspicious livelihood.

4.48

1-48
Vṛṣa is virtue, vṛṣa is the best, vṛṣa is a bull, a mouse is vṛṣa, / vṛṣa is strength, vṛṣa is love, [and] an outcaste is called vṛṣa.

4.49

1-49
Śali is a fool, śali is a bee, śali is a stake, śali is disease, / śali is a particular holiday, and śali is declared to be discord.

4.50

1-50
Yoga is a specific astronomical conjunction, and union is also yoga; / yoga is future gain; [and] absorption is called yoga.

4.51

1-51
Sītā is Lakṣmī, Umā is Sītā, Sītā is the presiding deity of serpents, / Sītā is the daughter of Sīradhvaja [Janaka], [and] Sītā is considered the Mandākinī [Gaṅgā].

4.52

1-52
The primeval Kṣatriya is Nābhi; the navel-hub of a wheel is nābhi; / the head of a family is nābhi; [and] a deep hollow of the abdomen is considered nābhi.

4.53

1-53
Gotra is name and lineage; gotra is a mountain; / the earth is declared gotrā; [and] one of truthful speech is remembered as gotra.

4.54

1-54
Ghana is a cloud, ghana is dense, the sound of bronze cymbals is ghana, / ghana is deep-toned, ghana is constant, [and] an iron mallet is ghana.

1-55
A charming woman is rāmā, and [Paraśurāma] the son of Jamadagni is Rāma; the two Rāmas are the white and the black [Balarāma and Kṛṣṇa]; / rāma is a kind of deer; and Rāma is the son of Daśaratha.

4.56

1-56
One free from passion is declared a Jina, and Nārāyaṇa is likewise a Jina; / Kandarpa may be a Jina; and a Jina is an ordinary Kevalin.

4.57

1-57
Śukra is the semen of embodied beings; they know śukra as a disease of the eye; / the month of Jyeṣṭha is remembered as śukra; Śukra is the priest of the Daityas.

4.58

1-58
The neck of a lute is pravāla; pravāla is a fresh sprout; / pravāla is declared coral; pravāla is held to be strong.

4.59

1-59
Koṇa is a horse, koṇa is a buffalo, koṇa is remembered as a point; / koṇa may be a corner of a house; koṇa is the plectrum for playing a lute and the like.

4.60

1-60
Tāla is a measure of musical time; tāla is held to be the netherworld; / a particular tree is remembered as tāla [palmyra]; tāla is the clapping of hands.

4.61

1-61
Kāṣṭhā is the ten directions; the earth is declared kāṣṭhā; / kāṣṭhā may be a specific measure of time; kāṣṭha is declared wood.

4.62

1-62
Palāśa is known as a demon; palāśa is traditionally a leaf; / palāśa is green color; palāśa is called a noose.

4.63

1-63
Satra is a house, wealth is satra, a gift is declared here to be satra; / a dwelling is satra, a forest is satra, and virtuous conduct is considered satra.

4.64

1-64
One skilled in the arts is kalpa; kalpa should be known as healthy; / kalpa is declared to be time; kalpa is considered to be liquor.

4.65

1-65
A viṣṭhara is a handful of sacrificial grass; a viṣṭhara should be known as a seat; / a viṣṭhara is called a tree; and a viṣṭhara is indeed a sacrifice.

4.66

1-66
An assembly is called a samiti; a samiti is a battleground; / a samiti is to be known as an agreement; a samiti is recorded as an encounter.

4.67

1-67
Sita is white; [and] in sita, old; sita is called silver; / an arrow is also to be known as sita; [and] the priest of the Daityas is Sita.

4.68

1-68
Citraka is declared to be a sectarian forehead mark; citraka is considered a beast of prey; / citraka is a kind of root; and citraka is considered an intermediary deity.

4.69

1-69
The dhātakī tree is called dhātrī, and the āmalakī tree is considered dhātrī; / the earth is known as dhātrī; dhātrī is a wet-nurse.

4.70

1-70
Droṇa is the teacher of the Kauravas; droṇa is said to be a crow; / droṇa is a particular mountain; droṇa is a measure of four āḍhakas.

4.71

1-71
Jayantī is declared to be a city; Jayantī is the younger sister of Ceṭaka; / jayantī is a kind of medicinal plant; Jayantī is born of Śakra.

4.72

1-72
Rohita is Śakra's bow [the rainbow]; rohita is an excellent fish; / rohita is red color; and a species of deer is rohita.

4.73

1-73
Bala is the plow-bearer [Balarāma]; bala is an army; bala is strength; bala is a medicinal plant; / a jewel mine is bala; the demon is Bala; balā is Lakṣmī; balā is the earth.

4.74

1-74
Pratigraha is what is accepted by a twice-born; the rear of an army is pratigraha; / pratigraha is an unbroken series; pratigrāha is pratigraha.

4.75

1-75
Kumātraka is kadamba; kadamba is considered an arrow; / kadamba is a kind of tree; kadamba is a man devoid of virtue.

4.76

1-76
Priyaka is the bījasāra tree; priyaka is a leopard; / priyaka is fond of water; priyaka is an ascetic without possessions.

4.77

1-77
Akṣa is the bibhītaka tree; a die is akṣa; an akṣa is a sense organ; / Akṣa is said to be the son of Rāvaṇa; and akṣa is a watercourse running low.

4.78

1-78
A cakra is a kind of bird; a cakra is considered circular motion; / a cakra is a realm and a multitude, a chariot-wheel, [and] the cakra weapon.

4.79

1-79
True to his word is to be known as khara; harsh also is considered khara; / a donkey is called khara; clever in business is khara.

4.80

1-80
Jāti is an innate designation; the jasmine is called jāti; / lineage and the like, birth is jāti; and a cooking stove is called jāti.

4.81

1-811
A cow's horn is to be known as phaṇa; the hood of a serpent is phaṇa; / phaṇā is matted hair; phaṇā is black; phaṇā is the ring of a churning rod.

4.82

1-83
And gandharva is a class of gods; gandharva is a horse;
and gandharva is remembered as a singer; gandharva is a lordly deer.

4.83

1-84
They desire śṛṅga to mean foremost; and they know śṛṅga as a mountain peak;
experts in lexicons say śṛṅga means a horn.

4.84

1-85
Sāraṅga is famous as an elephant; sāraṅga is regarded as a cātaka;
sāraṅga should be known as a mountain; sāraṅga is remembered as a deer.

4.85

1-86
One should know karaṇa as an instrument; and the karaṇas are the sense organs;
karaṇa is a particular caste; karaṇa is accepted as a field.

4.86

1-87
Puṇḍarīka is remembered as a tiger; puṇḍarīka is an ascetic's water pot;
puṇḍarīka is the white colour; puṇḍarīka is a lotus.

4.87

1-88
Kamala is declared to be a lotus; kamala is the moon;
and kamala is a pair of feet; they know kamala as the head.

4.88

1-89
Kamala is said to be water; kamala is remembered as a deer;
kamala is declared to be a cloud; they know kamala as a crown.

4.89

1-90
In the sense of offspring, and earth and the other [elements], past time, a demon,
a ghost, a living being, and a miser, they speak of the word bhūta.

4.90

1-91
Śarabha should be known as aṣṭāpada; gold is remembered as aṣṭāpada;
kilītaka is an aṣṭāpada; it is stated as a kind of insect.

4.91

1-92
Bāla is hair; bāla is water; likewise, bāla is kāśa-grass;
and bālaka is a fragrant substance; and bālaka is matted hair. || 92
1-93
Bālaka is a bird, a tiger, and likewise bālaka is an infant;
bāla is a snake; a child is bāla; bāla is declared as speed.

4.93

1-94
Śyāmā is night; trivṛt is śyāmā; śyāmā is a woman in the bloom of youth;
śyāmā is said to be priyaṅgu; śyāmā is an elderly woman.

4.94

1-95
Śubhā is nectar; śubhā is killing; bhagakṣīrī is regarded as śubhā;
śubha is good fortune; śubhā is beauty; śubhā is declared to be the myrobalan.

4.95

1-96
Kāntāra is declared to be a forest; kāntāra is Pākaśāsana;
and kāntāra is a kind of sugarcane; kāntāra is one whose belly is hard to fill.

4.96

1-97
Kharjūra is a kind of fruit; and kharjūra is regarded as silver;
kharjūra is a low caste; kharjūra is a grass-lizard.

4.97

1-98
Guru is a father; guru is an elder brother; guru is the priest of the gods;
even durvāpa is declared to be guru; guru is one who confers initiation on a disciple.

4.98

1-99
Thus ends the first muktaka of the Ślokādhikāra in the Śabdaratnapradīpa.
The second muktaka:
2-1
From here onward, words of multiple meanings occurring in half-verses
are to be understood by the wise, collected thereafter quarter-verse by quarter-verse.

Linked texts (1)

Laghukośasaṃgraha — Sanskrit