[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Buddhist Sanskrit literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit) › [Mahāyāna sūtras](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra) › [Sūtras on buddhas, their lands and names](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha) › [Dvādaśabuddhaka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka) › [འཕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853) › [The Twelve Buddhas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000) › notes # འཕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅ་གཉས་པ་ཞས་བྱ་བ་ཐག་པ་ཆན་པའ་མད notes: Notes The Twelve Buddhas notes - **Language:** English ### Notes ### [notes.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.1) 1. 闍那崛多 Shénàjuéduō. For more information on this figure, see Lewis R. Lancaster, “K 301,” The Korean Buddhist Canon. ### [notes.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.2) 2. 義淨 Yijing. For more information on this figure, see Lewis R. Lancaster, “K 302,” The Korean Buddhist Canon. ### [notes.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.3) 3. Denkarma F.299.b.5; see also Yoshimura (1950), 137. ### [notes.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.4) 4. dkar chag ’phang thang ma (2003), 17. ### [notes.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.5) 5. This text, Toh 853, and all those contained in this same volume (gzungs ’dus, e), are listed as being located in volume 100 of the Degé Kangyur by the Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC). However, several other Kangyur databases—including the eKangyur that supplies the digital input version displayed by the 84000 Reading Room—list this work as being located in volume 101. This discrepancy is partly due to the fact that the two volumes of the gzungs ’dus section are an added supplement not mentioned in the original catalog, and also hinges on the fact that the compilers of the Tōhoku catalog placed another text—which forms a whole, very large volume—the Vimala­prabhā­nāma­kālacakra­tantra­ṭīkā (dus ’khor ’grel bshad dri med ’od, Toh 845), before the volume 100 of the Degé Kangyur, numbering it as vol. 100, although it is almost certainly intended to come right at the end of the Degé Kangyur texts as volume 102; indeed its final fifth chapter is often carried over and wrapped in the same volume as the Kangyur dkar chags (catalog). Please note this discrepancy when using the eKangyur viewer in this translation. ### [notes.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.6) 6. D (Toh 273) and S refer to this bodhisattva by the name Stainless (dri med) instead of Incomparable (’dra ba med). This translation uses the name Incomparable (’dra ba med) because this is also the name for this bodhisattva as it appears in versions of this text from the Yongle, Lithang, Kangxi, Narthang, and Choné Kangyurs. ### [notes.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.7) 7. The correlating section from the eKangyur (based on the Degé) may be viewed by clicking on the folio references, which will be displayed according to the Toh number selected from the 84000 reading room: D 273, D 511, or D 853. ### [notes.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.8) 8. Two sets of folio references have been included in this translation due to a discrepancy in volume 88 (rgyud ’bum, na) of the Degé Kangyur between the 1737 par phud printings and the late (post par phud) printings. In the latter case, an extra work, Bodhi­maṇḍasyālaṃkāra­lakṣa­dhāraṇī (Toh 508, byang chub snying po’i rgyan ’bum gyi gzungs), was added as the second text in the volume, thereby displacing the pagination of all the following texts in the same volume by 17 folios. Since the eKangyur follows the later printing, both references have been provided, with the highlighted one linking to the eKangyur viewer. In the Toh 511 version of the text there is a slight discrepancy in the folio numbering between the 1737 par phud printings and the late (post par phud) printings of the Degé Kangyur. Although the discrepancy is irrelevant here, further details concerning this may be found in note 8 of the Toh 511 version of this text. In the Toh 511 version of the text there is a slight discrepancy in the folio numbering between the 1737 par phud printings and the late (post par phud) printings of the Degé Kangyur. Although the discrepancy is irrelevant here, further details concerning this may be found in note 8 of the Toh 511 version of this text. ### [notes.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.9) 9. D (Toh 511, Toh 853): ’dra ba med; D (Toh 273), S: dri med. ### [notes.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.10) 10. D (Toh 273, Toh 511, Toh 853): chu lha gzhon nu; S: chu zla gzhon nu. ### [notes.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.11) 11. D (Toh 511, Toh 853): zla ba’i me tog; D (Toh 273): zla ba’i me tog rin chen. This translation follows D (Toh 511, Toh 853). The variant in D (Toh 273) might translate as “a moon flower or gem” or perhaps “a precious moon flower.” ### [notes.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.12) 12. D (Toh 273, Toh 511, Toh 853): bkod pa thams cad dri med ’od; S: bkod pa dri med ’od; J, K, N, K: bgrod pa thams cad dri med ’od Y. ### [notes.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.13) 13. D: spobs pa’i rgyan la dgongs pa; S: spobs pa’i rgyal la dgongs pa. ### [notes.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.14) 14. D (Toh 273, Toh 511, Toh 853), S: yid la bya. The phrase “direct your attention toward him” (yid la bya, manaskāryaḥ) is suspect since it breaks with the pattern that is repeated for all the other tathāgatas in this sequence. The Tibetan may possibly preserve a scribal error in the Sanskrit here that read some form of manas + kṛ (yid la bya) instead of the namas + kṛ (phyag bya’o) that appears in all other phrasings of the sequence of the twelve buddhas in this text. Nevertheless, we have translated this instance as yid la bya to accurately reflect the Tibetan. ### [notes.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.15) 15. D (Toh 273): ’jigs bral bag tsha ba mi mnga’ spu zing mi byed; D (Toh 511, Toh 853): ’jig bral bag tsha mi mnga’ spu zing mi byed. ### [notes.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.16) 16. D (Toh 273, Toh 511, Toh 853), S: rigs phun sum tshogs pa dang / skye ba phun sun tshogs pa dang / rus phun sum tshogs pa dang. The translation combines these three “excellent conditions” (phun sum tshogs pa) into a single clause that takes rigs (kula) to indicate the actual family line, skyes ba (jāti) to indicate that family line’s social standing, and rus (gotra) to indicate the inherited family traits. ### [notes.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.17) 17. D (Toh 273): cita­vivarte; D (Toh 511, Toh 853): citta­citte; S: citta­cittarte. ### [notes.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.18) 18. D (Toh 273): samanta­guṇe; D (Toh 511, Toh 853): samanta­guṇi. ### [notes.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.19) 19. D (Toh 273): aciṭi aciṭi; D (Toh 511, Toh 853): aciti. ### [notes.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.20) 20. D (Toh 273): bahudche; D (Toh 511, Toh 853): bahucche. ### [notes.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.21) 21. D (Toh 273): dharmaciti; D (Toh 511): dharmacite; D (Toh 853): dharmacitte. ### [notes.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.22) 22. D (Toh 511, Toh 853): cyutapaṅke; D (Toh 273): cyuta­vaṅgke. ### [notes.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.23) 23. D (Toh 273): radhikṣa, D (Toh 511, Toh 853):radhṛkṣa. ### [notes.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.24) 24. Tentative English translation: tadyathā akhe makhe, radiant one whose panoptic gaze is said to be fused with sunlight, whose thought is devoid of illusion, ame khame, for whom intoxicating illusion fused and performed while delighting in truth is entirely virtuous, hili mili masala ānale came aciṭi aciṭi coce, worthy one, bahudche, golden one bathed in light who bears māyu, who knows the Dharma, who is without impurity, unwavering, and furnished with a great host—deliver this to me! ### [notes.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.25) 25. D (Toh 511, Toh 853): thos pa thams cad ’dzin mi nyams; thos pa rnams ni yongs mi nyams D 273. ### [notes.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.26) 26. D (Toh 273, Toh 511): ’dod pa ji bzhin mya ngan ’da’; D (Toh 853): ’dod pa zhi bzhin mya ngan ’da’. This translation follows the reading in D (Toh 273, Toh 511). The Negi dictionary (p. 2620.1) notes that ’dod pa ji bzhin is a translation of the Sanskrit abhipriya, and Edgerton (p. 54.2) provides an example where the term is used as an adjective meaning “quite agreeable.” This translation opts instead to read ’dod pa ji bzhin as a Tibetan translation of the Sanskrit yathākāma. The variant in D (Toh 853) translates “pacify all desire, and attain nirvāṇa,” which does not make sense given the fact that the subject of the verse has already attained awakening. ### [notes.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes.27) 27. The colophon to D (Toh 273) ends here, with no mention of the text being revised. --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.buddha.dvadasabuddhaka*bo-d853~en-84000.notes) · Pramāṇa