[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Buddhist Sanskrit literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit) › [Mahāyāna sūtras](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra) › [Doctrinal sūtras](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma) › [Paramārthadharmavijaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya) › [འཕགས་པ་དོན་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱིས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo) › [Victory of the Ultimate Dharma](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo~en-84000) › intro.4 # འཕགས་པ་དན་དམ་པའ་ཆས་ཀྱས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་ཞས་བྱ་བ་ཐག་པ་ཆན་པའ་མད intro.4 Victory of the Ultimate Dharma intro.4 - **Language:** English ### [intro.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo~en-84000.intro.4) An interesting feature of this sūtra is the presence of many non-Buddhist ascetics, who are described as naked, with matted hair, emaciated bellies, and so forth. Moreover, the central interlocutor of this sūtra is a non-Buddhist seer, Ulka, whose questions to the Buddha also seem to be founded in non-Buddhist cosmological views. It is therefore also fitting that the setting of this sūtra is Gayāśīrṣa Hill, a brahmanical holy site referred to in texts such as the Brahmāṇḍa­purāṇa and the Mahābhārata. For Buddhists, this hill is also a sacred site as the venue where the Buddha taught the Dharma after he had brought to the Buddhist path the three ascetic Kāśyapa brothers and a thousand of their followers, likewise through a series of miracles. In this sūtra, however, the Buddha’s miraculous display is not sufficient to assuage Ulka’s doubts, and his questions to the Buddha serve as a launching point for the teaching of important Buddhist concepts. - [Previous: intro.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo~en-84000.intro.3) - [Next: intro.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo~en-84000.intro.5) - [Up: intro](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo~en-84000.intro) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo~en-84000.intro.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.paramarthadharmavijaya*bo~en-84000.intro.4) · Pramāṇa