[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [仁王般若經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707) › 1.19 # 仁王般若經疏 1.19 仁王般若經疏 1.19 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707.1.19) 一時者，即說經之時，如說《涅槃》，二月十五日。此經，三十年正月八日為時。時有三種：一三摩耶時，即長時；二迦羅時，是短時；三佉樓時，是不長不短時。今言時者，三摩耶時。而眾師雖復穿鑿，終成無當。若存龍樹之風須破，破一時說三摩耶也。佛者，佛國語云佛陀，此云覺者。既自覺悟，又能覺他，故名為佛。《智度論》云「佛陀，外國語，此云智者，知三世眾生數非眾生數也。」住王舍城者，有三：初明住、二明王舍、三耆闍崛山。住者，天住、梵住、聖住。六欲天名天住，初禪以上名梵住，三乘人名聖住。此三住中，佛多住聖住。又有八住：一者天住，住四禪；二梵住，住四無量心；三者威儀住，住四威儀也；四者聖住，住三空；五者壽命住，住五分法身；六者依止住，住王舍城耆闍崛山也；七者教化住，住十六大國；八者佛住，住第一義諦。所言住，暫時名在，久居名住，亦可經停名住也。王舍城者，外國云摩訶悅祇伽羅。摩訶言大，悅祇此言王舍，伽羅此云城。摩伽陀國有十二城，摩訶陀者名持甘露處。凡有十二城者，一區祇尼大城、二富樓那跋檀大城、三阿監車多羅大城、四弗迦羅婆大城、五王舍大城、六舍婆提大城、七婆羅捺大城、八迦毘羅婆大城、九瞻婆城、十婆翅多城、十一𤘽晱彌城、十二鳩樓城。此十二城中，後六城佛少住；前六城中，佛不住前四城，多住後二城。二城中，多住王舍城，為報法身恩故；少住舍婆提，為報生身恩故。何故名王舍城？此城四天王共造，多有諸王，佛是法輪王，從多以得稱，故名王舍城。摩迦陀國王生一子，一頭兩面四手，時人觀之以為不祥，王則裂其身首棄之草野。有羅剎女鬼名曰梨羅，還合其身，以乳養之。年既成長，大有力勢，能吞併諸國，獲八萬四千王置五山內，立城治化。以多王所舍，故云王舍城。諸因緣非一，不能具述。 > "At one time" is the time of the preaching of the sūtra, just as when the Nirvāṇa \[Sūtra\] was spoken, it was the fifteenth day of the second month. For this sūtra, it was the eighth day of the first month in the thirtieth year. There are three kinds of time: first, samaya-time, which is a long time; second, kāla-time, which is a short time; third, khalu-time, which is neither long nor short. The "time" mentioned here is samaya-time. Although various masters have engaged in far-fetched interpretations, they ultimately amount to nothing fitting. If one upholds the style of Nāgārjuna, it must be refuted, refuting the notion of explaining "at one time" as samaya. As for "the Buddha," in the language of the Buddha's country it is buddha, translated here as "the Awakened One." Having awakened himself and being able to awaken others, he is therefore called "Buddha." The Dazhidu lun says: "Buddha is a foreign word; translated here it means 'the Wise One,' who knows that which is within the count of sentient beings of the three times and that which is not within the count of sentient beings." As for "dwelling in Rājagṛha," there are three parts: first, explaining "dwelling"; second, explaining "Rājagṛha"; third, \[explaining\] "Gṛdhrakūṭa Mountain." As for "dwelling," there are celestial dwelling, brahma dwelling, and noble dwelling. The six desire heavens are called celestial dwellings; the first dhyāna and above are called brahma dwellings; persons of the three vehicles are called noble dwellings. Among these three dwellings, the Buddha mostly abides in the noble dwelling. There are also eight dwellings: first, celestial dwelling, dwelling in the four dhyānas; second, brahma dwelling, dwelling in the four immeasurable minds; third, demeanor dwelling, dwelling in the four bodily deportments; fourth, noble dwelling, dwelling in the three emptynesses; fifth, lifespan dwelling, dwelling in the fivefold dharmakāya; sixth, reliance dwelling, dwelling on Gṛdhrakūṭa Mountain in Rājagṛha; seventh, teaching dwelling, dwelling in the sixteen great states; eighth, buddha dwelling, dwelling in the ultimate truth. As for the term "dwelling" (zhù), temporarily residing is called being present (zài), while residing long is called dwelling (zhù); it can also be that remaining for a period is called dwelling. As for "Rājagṛha," in foreign language it is Mahā-rajagṛha. Mahā means great; raja means king's abode; gṛha means city. In the country of Magadha there are twelve cities; Magadha means "the place possessing ambrosia." In all there are twelve cities: first, the great city of Ujjayinī; second, the great city of Puṇḍravardhana; third, the great city of Ahicchatra; fourth, the great city of Puṣkalāvatī; fifth, the great city of Rājagṛha; sixth, the great city of Śrāvastī; seventh, the great city of Vārāṇasī; eighth, the great city of Kapilavastu; ninth, the city of Campā; tenth, the city of Sāketa; eleventh, the city of Kauśāmbī; twelfth, the city of Kuru. Among these twelve cities, the Buddha rarely dwelt in the latter six cities; among the former six cities, the Buddha did not dwell in the first four cities, but mostly dwelt in the latter two cities. Between the two cities, he mostly dwelt in Rājagṛha in order to repay the kindness of the dharmakāya; he dwelt rarely in Śrāvastī in order to repay the kindness of the physical body. Why is it called "the city of the royal abode" (Rājagṛha)? This city was built together by the Four Heavenly Kings and had many kings, and the Buddha is the King of the Wheel of Dharma; taking its name from the majority, it is therefore called Rājagṛha. The king of Magadha gave birth to a son who had one head, two faces, and four hands. People of the time looked upon him and thought it inauspicious, so the king tore his body and head apart and abandoned them in the wilderness. There was a rākṣasī spirit named Līlā who rejoined his body and nourished him with milk. When he grew up, he had great strength and power, and was able to conquer and assimilate various kingdoms, capturing eighty-four thousand kings and placing them within five mountains, where he established a city and ruled. Because it was the dwelling place of many kings, it is called Rājagṛha. The various causes and conditions are not just one; they cannot be completely recounted. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707.1.18) - [Next: 1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707.1.20) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707~en-mt.1.19) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [仁王護國般若經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1705.1.26) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707.1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1707.1.19) · Pramāṇa