[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [仁王經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708) › 1.38 # 仁王經疏 1.38 仁王經疏 1.38 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708.1.38) 問：佛具十種功德名號，何故如來教傳法者，一切經首但置如是薄伽梵名？答：謂此一名世咸尊重，故諸外道皆稱本師名薄伽梵。又此一名總攝眾德，餘名不爾，是故經首皆置此名。《金剛仙論》亦同《佛地》，廣說婆伽婆，如《涅槃》經首及《智度論》。三依真諦，一切經初皆令雙標佛婆伽婆。故《七事記》云「佛婆伽婆有其四句：一是佛非婆伽婆，即聲聞二乘觀，世諦證無餘涅槃，在自位中得名為佛，不修功德行故非婆伽婆。二是婆伽婆非佛，即是菩薩，修功德故名婆伽婆，既在因位智慧未滿不得名佛。三非佛非婆伽婆，即是凡夫，不修功德故非婆伽婆，不修智慧故不名為佛。四是佛亦婆伽婆，即是佛世尊，智慧滿故名為佛，功德具足故是婆伽婆。若但佛，恐濫二乘；若單婆伽，婆濫菩薩及轉輪王。若合說者，即是如來，故諸經首皆標兩號。」雖有三解，今依此經同《真實論》，唯名佛也。 > Question: The Buddha possesses ten epithets of virtue; why did the Tathāgata instruct transmitters of the Dharma to place only this name 'Bhagavat' at the beginning of all sūtras? Answer: Because this single name is revered by all the world; thus the non-Buddhists all refer to their own masters as 'Bhagavat'. Furthermore, this single name subsumes all virtues, whereas other names do not; therefore, this name is placed at the beginning of sūtras. The \*Vajrarṣi-śāstra\* also agrees with the \*Buddhabhūmi-śāstra\* in explaining 'Bhagavat' at length, as at the beginning of the \*Nirvāṇa-sūtra\* and in the \*Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa\*. Third, according to Paramārtha, both 'Buddha' and 'Bhagavat' are to be set down together at the beginning of all sūtras. Thus the \*Qishi ji\* states: "There are four alternatives regarding 'Buddha' and 'Bhagavat': 1. One who is a Buddha but not a Bhagavat: this refers to the two vehicles of the śrāvakas, who contemplate conventional truth and realize nirvāṇa without remainder; in their own rank they obtain the name 'Buddha', but because they do not cultivate virtuous practices, they are not 'Bhagavat'. 2. One who is a Bhagavat but not a Buddha: this is the bodhisattva, who is called 'Bhagavat' because of cultivating virtues; but since they are in the causal stage and their wisdom is not yet perfected, they cannot be called 'Buddha'. 3. One who is neither a Buddha nor a Bhagavat: this is the ordinary person, who is not a Bhagavat because of not cultivating virtues, and not called Buddha because of not cultivating wisdom. 4. One who is both a Buddha and a Bhagavat: this is the Buddha, the World-Honoured One, who is called 'Buddha' because his wisdom is perfected, and is 'Bhagavat' because his virtues are complete. If one only says 'Buddha', there is fear of confusing him with the two vehicles; if one only says 'Bhagavat', there is fear of confusing him with bodhisattvas and wheel-turning kings. If they are spoken together, it refers to the Tathāgata; therefore, both titles are set down at the beginning of all sūtras." Although there are these three interpretations, we now follow this sūtra in agreeing with the \*Tattvasiddhi-śāstra\*, naming only "Buddha". > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708.1.37) - [Next: 1.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708.1.39) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708~en-mt.1.38) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (4) - [一切經音義](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.9.136) — 慧琳, Classical Chinese - [佛地經論](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.mahayanasutra.dharma.buddhabhumisutra!buddhabhumisutrasastra*zh-xuanzang.1.14) — Classical Chinese - [御注金剛般若波羅蜜經宣演](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2733.1.15) — Classical Chinese - [金剛般若經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2741.1.14) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708.1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1708.1.38) · Pramāṇa