[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [妙法蓮華經玄義](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716) › 8.22 # 妙法蓮華經玄義 8.22 妙法蓮華經玄義 8.22 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [8.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716.8.22) 四、歷法明經者。若以經為正翻，何法是經？舊用三種：一用聲為經，如佛在世，金口演說，但有聲音詮辯，聽者得道，故以聲為經。《大品》云：「從善知識所聞也。」二、用色為經，若佛在世，可以聲為經，今佛去世，紙墨傳持，應用色為經。《大品》云：「從經卷中聞。」三、用法為經，內自思惟，心與法合，不由他教，亦非紙墨，但心曉悟，即法為經，故云：「脩我法者，證乃自知（云云）。」三塵為經，施於此土。耳識利者，能於聲塵分別取悟，則聲是其經，於餘非經。若意識利者，自能研心思惟取決，法是其經，於餘非經。眼識利者，文字詮量而得道理，色是其經，於餘非經。此方用三塵而已。餘三識鈍：鼻臭紙墨，則無所知；身觸經卷，亦不能解；舌噉文字，寧別是非？若他土亦用六塵，亦偏用一塵，如《淨名》曰：「以一食施於一切……於食等者，於法亦等；於法等者，於食亦等。」此即偏用舌根所對為經。或有國土，以天衣觸身即得道，此偏用觸為經。或見佛光明得道，此偏用色為經。或寂滅無言，觀心得道，此偏用意為經。如眾香土，以香為佛事，此偏用香為經。他方六根識利，六塵得為經。此土三根識鈍，鼻不及驢狗鹿等，云何於香味觸等能得通達？ > Fourth, clarifying jing by passing through dharmas: If jing is the standard translation, what dharma is jing? In the past, three kinds were used: First, using sound as jing: as when the Buddha was in the world, his golden mouth expounded, and there was only the explanatory discourse of sound; the listeners attained the Way, therefore sound was used as jing. The Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā says: "Heard from a good friend." Second, using form as jing: while the Buddha was in the world, sound could be used as jing; now that the Buddha has departed the world, it is transmitted and upheld by paper and ink, so form should be used as jing. The Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā says: "Heard from the sūtra scrolls." Third, using mental objects (dharmas) as jing: inwardly reflecting for oneself, the mind accords with the Dharma, not depending on another's instruction, nor on paper and ink; merely through the mind's awakening, dharma itself is jing. Thus it says: "Those who cultivate my Dharma know it for themselves through realization (and so on)." The three sense objects as jing are applied to this land. For those whose ear consciousness is sharp, who are able to discern and attain awakening upon the sense object of sound, sound is their jing, but not jing for the others. For those whose mental consciousness is sharp, who can investigate within the mind, reflect, and make decisions, dharmas are their jing, but not jing for the others. For those whose eye consciousness is sharp, who grasp the principle through the exposition of written words, form is their jing, but not jing for the others. This realm uses only these three sense objects. The remaining three consciousnesses are dull: if the nose smells paper and ink, it knows nothing; if the body touches a sūtra scroll, it also cannot understand; if the tongue eats the written characters, how could it distinguish right from wrong? In other lands, all six sense objects are used, or a single sense object is used exclusively. As the Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa states: "Giving a single meal to all... one who is equal with respect to food is also equal with respect to dharmas; one who is equal with respect to dharmas is also equal with respect to food." This is exclusively using the object of the tongue faculty as jing. In some lands, touching heavenly garments with the body brings attainment of the Way: this is exclusively using touch as jing. In some, seeing the Buddha's radiance brings attainment of the Way: this is exclusively using form as jing. In some, in extinction and quiescence without words, contemplating the mind brings attainment of the Way: this is exclusively using the mind as jing. As in the Land of Manifold Fragrances, where fragrance is used for the Buddha's work: this is exclusively using fragrance as jing. In other lands, the six faculties and consciousnesses are sharp, so the six sense objects can serve as jing. In this land, the three faculties and consciousnesses are dull; the nose does not equal that of a donkey, dog, or deer: how could it attain penetration through fragrance, flavor, touch, and so forth? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 8.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716.8.21) - [Next: 8.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716.8.23) - [Up: 8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716.8) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716~en-mt.8.22) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716.8.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1716.8.22) · Pramāṇa