[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [妙法蓮華經文句](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718) › 1.102 # 妙法蓮華經文句 1.102 妙法蓮華經文句 1.102 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718.1.102) 「憍陳如」，姓也，此翻火器，婆羅門種，其先事火，從此命族。火有二義：照也、燒也。照則闇不生，燒則物不生，此以不生為姓。「阿若」者，名也，此翻已知，或言無知，無知者非無所知也，乃是知無耳，若依二諦即是知真，以無生智為名也。《無量壽》、《文殊問》、《阿毘曇》、《婆沙》皆稱為了本際、知本際，若依四諦即是知滅，而諸經多名為無知，或翻為得道。《增一阿含》云：「我佛法中寬仁博識，初受法味者，拘隣如比丘第一。」故以阿若為名也。願者，佛昔於饑世，化為赤目大魚，閉氣不喘示為死相，木工五人先斧斫魚肉，佛時誓言：「於當來世先度此等。」先願與其無生，故云阿若。又迦葉佛時，九人學道，五人未得果，誓於釋迦法中最先開悟，本願所牽，前得無生，故名阿若。行者，智生惑滅智斷行也。夫巨夜長寢無人能覺，日光未出明星前現，憍陳如比丘，初得無生智，譬若明星在眾明之始，一切人智明無前陳如，故名阿若。最先破闇莫過明星，陳如亦爾，一切人闇滅無前陳如，故名阿若。前者，太子棄國捐王入山學道，父王思念遣五人追侍，所謂拘隣；頞鞞，亦云濕鞞，亦阿說示，亦馬星跋提，亦摩訶男，十力迦葉，拘利太子，二是母親，三是父親。二人以欲為淨，三人以苦行為淨。太子勤行苦行，二人便捨之去，三人猶侍；太子捨苦行，還受飲食蘇油、煖水，三人又捨去。太子得道，先為五人說四諦，初教二人，拘隣法眼淨，四人未得，三人乞食，六人共噉；次教三人，三人法眼淨，二人乞食六人共噉；第三說法時，拘隣五人、八萬諸天遠塵離垢，五人得無生，佛三問：「知法未？」即三答云：「已如。」地神唱，空神傳，乃至梵世。咸稱已知，拘隣最前，初見佛道相，初聞法鼓，初服道香，初甞甘露，初入法流，初登真諦，閻浮提得道，最在一切人、一切天、一切羅漢前，故《十二遊經》云：「佛成道第一年度五人，第二年度三迦葉，第五年度身子、目連。」當知阿若在前明矣。此因緣釋也。 > 'Kauṇḍinya' is the surname, translated here as 'fire vessel.' He was of brahmin stock; his ancestors worshiped fire, and the clan was named after this. Fire has two meanings: illumination and burning. With illumination, darkness does not arise; with burning, things do not arise. Thus he took 'non-arising' as his surname. 'Ājñāta' is the given name, translated here as 'already known,' or said to be 'non-knowing.' 'Non-knowing' does not mean knowing nothing at all; rather, it is knowing non-existence. In terms of the two truths, it is knowing the true; he is named after the wisdom of non-arising. The Sukhāvatīvyūha, Questions of Mañjuśrī, Abhidharma, and Vibhāṣā all refer to this as 'comprehending the original limit' or 'knowing the original limit.' In terms of the Four Noble Truths, it is knowing cessation; yet various sūtras mostly name him 'non-knowing,' or translate it as 'attaining the Way.' The Ekottarika-āgama says: 'Among my Buddha-Dharma, the foremost in broad benevolence, wide knowledge, and first receiving the taste of the Dharma is the monk Kauṇḍinya.' Therefore he is named Ājñāta. Regarding vows: Formerly, in an age of famine, the Buddha transformed into a large red-eyed fish, holding his breath without panting to display the appearance of death. Five carpenters were the first to chop the fish's flesh with axes; at that time the Buddha made a vow: 'In a future age, I will save these people first.' Having previously vowed to bestow non-arising upon them, he is therefore called Ājñāta. Furthermore, in the time of Kāśyapa Buddha, nine people studied the Way, and five had not yet attained the fruit; they vowed to be the very first to awaken within Śākyamuni's teaching. Drawn by this fundamental vow, he was the first to attain non-arising; hence he is named Ājñāta. Regarding practice: wisdom arises and delusion is extinguished; this is the practice of wisdom and eradication. When someone sleeps through a long night, no one can awaken them; before the sun rises, the morning star appears first. When the monk Kauṇḍinya first attained the wisdom of non-arising, he was like the morning star at the beginning of all luminaries; the light of wisdom in all people was not prior to Kauṇḍinya's, so he is named Ājñāta. Nothing surpasses the morning star in being the first to destroy darkness, and Kauṇḍinya was also like this: the destruction of darkness in all people was not prior to Kauṇḍinya's, so he is named Ājñāta. Regarding what preceded: When the prince renounced the kingdom, gave up kingship, and entered the mountains to study the Way, his royal father longed for him and dispatched five men to follow and attend upon him: namely Kauṇḍinya; Aśvajit (also called Vāṣpa, also called Aśvajit, also called Maśi); Bhadrika; Mahānāma; and Daśabala-Kāśyapa (or Prince Kulika). Two were of the mother's clan, and three were of the father's clan. Two regarded desire as purity, while three regarded ascetic practice as purity. When the prince diligently practiced austerities, the two abandoned him and departed, while the three still attended him; when the prince abandoned austerities and again received food, drink, ghee, butter, and warm water, the three also abandoned him and departed. When the prince attained the Way, he first taught the Four Noble Truths for the five men. First teaching the two, Kauṇḍinya's Dharma-eye became pure, while the four had not yet attained it; three begged for food, and the six ate together. Next he taught the three; the three men's Dharma-eyes became pure, two begged for food, and the six ate together. At the third sermon, Kauṇḍinya and the five men, along with eighty thousand devas, separated from dust and departed from defilement, and the five men attained non-arising. The Buddha asked three times, 'Do you know the Dharma yet?' and each time they answered, 'It is already known.' The earth spirits proclaimed it, and the space spirits transmitted it, all the way up to the Brahma realm. All proclaimed, 'Already known.' Kauṇḍinya was the very first: first to see the marks of the Buddha's path, first to hear the Dharma drum, first to absorb the fragrance of the Way, first to taste the ambrosia, first to enter the stream of the Dharma, first to ascend to the true truth; his attainment of the Way in Jambudvīpa was prior to all humans, all devas, and all arhats. Therefore the Sūtra of the Twelvefold Wandering says: 'In the first year of attaining the Way, the Buddha saved the five men; in the second year, he saved the three Kāśyapas; in the fifth year, he saved Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana.' One should know that Ājñāta's being first is clear. This is the explanation through causal conditions. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718.1.101) - [Next: 1.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718.1.103) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718~en-mt.1.102) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1.104) — 法雲, Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718.1.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1718.1.102) · Pramāṇa