[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [法華義疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721) › 12.141 # 法華義疏 12.141 法華義疏 12.141 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [12.141](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721.12.141) 「梵王」下，第二、示凡方便。又開三別，一、天；二、人；三、雜類。天有三雙：第一雙、欲色兩界初王，第二雙、欲色兩界後王，第三雙、欲色兩界之臣。雖有三雙。不出君臣也。有人言：天大將軍是天力士，如鉢建提之類，亦如那羅延之流。有人言：是鬼神，如《金光明》散𭥲大將，散𭥲大將屬毘沙門，出《大集經》。有人言：是韋陀天、毘紐天也。毘沙門是北方天王，此云多聞，恒護佛道場，常聞說法，故云多聞也。「小王身」下，第二、明人方便。亦開為二：初一、示王身；次、示臣身。臣身中有四：初、示豪傑身；二、示四眾身；三、示婦女身；四、示童真身。居士有二種：一、居舍之士故名居士；二、居財一億故名居士，即今文是也。「婆羅門」者，此云外意，亦名淨行。次示八部身。 > From "Brahmā King" onward is the second \[part\], displaying the upāya of ordinary beings. This again is divided into three: first, devas; second, humans; third, miscellaneous classes. The devas comprise three pairs: the first pair is the primary kings of both the desire and form realms; the second pair is the subsequent kings of both the desire and form realms; the third pair is the ministers of both the desire and form realms. Although there are three pairs, they do not go beyond ruler and minister. Some say: the great heavenly generals are heavenly athletes, like the class of Paṭṭi (Bojian'ti), and also like the kind of Nārāyaṇa. Some say: they are ghosts and spirits, like the great general Sañjaya (Sanji) in the Suvarṇaprabhāsa; the great general Sañjaya belongs to Vaiśravaṇa, as appears in the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra. Some say: they are Skanda and Viṣṇu. Vaiśravaṇa is the heavenly king of the north, translated here as "Much Hearing" (Duowen); he constantly protects the Buddha's site of enlightenment and constantly hears the preaching of the Dharma, hence he is called "Much Hearing." From "body of a lesser king" onward, the second \[part\] clarifies the upāya of humans. This is also divided into two: first, displaying the body of a king; next, displaying the bodies of ministers. Among the bodies of ministers there are four: first, displaying the bodies of grandees; second, displaying the bodies of the fourfold assembly; third, displaying the bodies of women; fourth, displaying the bodies of pure youths. There are two kinds of householders (gṛhapati): first, masters who reside in houses, hence called householders; second, those who possess a fortune of one hundred million, hence called householders, which is the meaning here. "Brahmin" is translated here as "outer mind," and is also called "pure conduct." Next, he displays the bodies of the eight classes. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 12.140](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721.12.140) - [Next: 12.142](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721.12.142) - [Up: 12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721.12) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721~en-mt.12.141) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721.12.141](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1721.12.141) · Pramāṇa