[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [妙法蓮華經玄贊](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723) › 1.79 # 妙法蓮華經玄贊 1.79 妙法蓮華經玄贊 1.79 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.1.79) 五依論釋解眾成就，中有四：一數、二行、三攝功德、四威儀如法住。數成就者，謂大眾無數故。總談無數，論各別標，謂萬二千人等。行成就中有四：一諸聲聞修小乘行，依乞食等自活，以比丘等為名。二菩薩修大乘行，求覺利有情，以菩提薩埵為目。三菩薩以神通力隨時示現，能修行大乘，如跋陀婆羅等十六人，具足菩薩不可思議事，由不定故，而能示現優婆塞等四眾之形說為菩薩。四出家人威儀一定，不同菩薩，由此定故說為比丘。攝功德成就者，十六句歎聲聞德，十三句歎菩薩德等是。然本論中不別標牒，文義顯故。威儀如法住成就者，爾時世尊四眾圍繞等是。明其四眾繞佛威儀恭敬聽法而住相故。雖各禮佛亦是威儀，非聽法相，故此不說。十五眾中合為三類，菩薩、聲聞具四成就，其有學、無學及比丘尼具三成就，不歎德故；餘天等具二，無行、無德。論說眾成中，合有四成就，不言一一皆具四種。 > Fifth, explaining the fulfillment of the assembly based on the treatise: herein there are four: 1. number, 2. practice, 3. inclusion of virtue, and 4. abiding in accordance with the Dharma in deportment. The fulfillment of number means that the great assembly is countless. While generally spoken of as countless, the treatise designates them individually, meaning twelve thousand persons, and so forth. Within the fulfillment of practice there are four: 1. The śrāvakas cultivate the practices of the Small Vehicle, sustaining themselves by begging for food and the like, taking "bhikṣu" and so forth as their name. 2. Bodhisattvas cultivate the practices of the Great Vehicle, seeking awakening and benefiting sentient beings, taking "bodhisattva" as their designation. 3. Bodhisattvas, through supernormal powers, manifest according to the occasion, capable of cultivating the Great Vehicle; like Bhadrapāla and the other sixteen persons, possessing the inconceivable matters of bodhisattvas, because they are not fixed, they can manifest in the forms of the four assemblies such as upāsakas, and are called bodhisattvas. 4. The deportment of renunciants is fixed, unlike that of bodhisattvas; because of this fixed nature, they are called bhikṣus. The fulfillment of the inclusion of virtue refers to the sixteen phrases praising the virtues of the śrāvakas, the thirteen phrases praising the virtues of the bodhisattvas, and so on. However, in the root treatise they are not separately cited, because the meaning of the text is obvious. The fulfillment of abiding in accordance with the Dharma in deportment refers to passages such as "at that time, the Bhagavat was surrounded by the four assemblies," clarifying that the deportment of the four assemblies encircling the Buddha is the aspect of abiding in respectful listening to the Dharma. Although each paying homage to the Buddha is also deportment, it is not the aspect of listening to the Dharma, so it is not spoken of here. The fifteen assemblies are combined into three categories: bodhisattvas and śrāvakas possess all four fulfillments; those in training, those beyond training, and the bhikṣuṇīs possess three fulfillments, because their virtues are not praised; the remaining devas and others possess two, lacking practice and virtue. When the treatise speaks of the fulfillment of the assembly, together there are four fulfillments; it does not say that each and every one possesses all four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.1.78) - [Next: 1.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.1.80) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723~en-mt.1.79) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.1.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.1.79) · Pramāṇa