[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [妙法蓮華經玄贊](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723) › 2.48 # 妙法蓮華經玄贊 2.48 妙法蓮華經玄贊 2.48 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.2.48) 贊曰：上明內護五眾，下明外護十眾。於中人非人為二：非人中天、非天為二，天中欲、色界為二。欲界有三：一帝釋，二四王，三自在，此初也。或地居、空居為二，地居中帝釋、四王為二，此初也。梵云釋迦提婆因達羅，釋迦姓也，此翻為能；提婆天也；因達羅帝也。正云能天帝。釋提桓因云天帝釋，俱訛倒也。此在妙高山頂而住，三十三天之帝主，過去字憍尸迦，此云繭兒，名阿摩揭陀，此云無毒害，即摩揭陀國過去帝釋修因之處用為國名，彼國古名致甘露處，即劫初帝釋與阿修羅戰，以山為𥣪，𥣪乳海，得甘露致於此地，因以為名焉。帝釋往昔有三十二人以為同伴，有善法夫人、圓生夫人、歡喜夫人、設支夫人同修勝業，故生天中，有善法堂、圓生樹、歡喜園、阿修羅女、設支夫人，此等因緣如《宗輪疏》。 > The commentary: Above, the five internal protective assemblies were explained; below, the ten external protective assemblies are explained. Among them, humans and non-humans make two parts. Among non-humans, devas and non-devas make two parts. Among devas, the desire and form realms make two parts. The desire realm has three: first, Śakra; second, the Four Heavenly Kings; third, Vaśavartin; this is the first. Alternatively, terrestrial dwellers and aerial dwellers make two parts; among terrestrial dwellers, Śakra and the Four Kings make two parts; this is the first. In Sanskrit it is Śakra-devānām-indra: Śakra is the clan name, translated here as 'Able'; deva is 'deva'; indra is 'lord'. Correctly it is 'Able Deva-Lord'. 'Shitihuan'in' says 'Deva-Lord Śakra', both being corrupt and inverted. He dwells upon the summit of Mount Meru, the sovereign lord of the Trāyastriṃśa devas. In the past his personal name was Kauśika, translated here as 'Cocoon-Child'; his proper name was Amagadha, translated here as 'Without Malice', which is the Magadha country, the place where Śakra practiced the causes in the past being used as the name of the country. That country in antiquity was named 'Place of Bringing Amṛta', which refers to the beginning of the kalpa when Śakra fought with the asuras: using a mountain as a pestle to churn the milk-ocean, he obtained amṛta and brought it to this land, hence named after it. In the past, Śakra had thirty-two companions, and had Lady Sudharmā, Lady Pārijātaka, Lady Nandā, and Lady Śacī, who cultivated superior karma together; therefore they were born into the heavens, where there are the Sudharmā Hall, the Pārijātaka Tree, the Nandana Garden, the asura maiden Lady Śacī. These origins and conditions are as in the Commentary on the Samayabhedoparacanacakra. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.2.47) - [Next: 2.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.2.49) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723~en-mt.2.48) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1709.1.127) — Classical Chinese - [阿彌陀經通贊疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758.1.95) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.2.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.2.48) · Pramāṇa