[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [妙法蓮華經玄贊](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723) › 6.16 # 妙法蓮華經玄贊 6.16 妙法蓮華經玄贊 6.16 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [6.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.16) 贊曰：此喻疑也。「狐」音扈都反。《玉篇》「妖獸，鬼所乘」。狐有三德，其色中和，小前大後，死必守丘。野干，色青黃如狗，群行夜鳴，聲如狼，能緣木巢於危巖高木。狐形稍大，野干形小，而兩形相類大小有殊，故《禪經》云「見一野狐，又見野干」。狼可知矣。此疑三寶三世三界，故說三獸。「咀」音慈呂反，又鋤呂反。「嚼」音在爵反。《玉篇》「咀，唅也、味也、唶也」。或為「齟」字。「嚼」，噬也、噍也、茹也。唅之名咀，噬之名嚼。以足躡履名踐蹋。斷筋骨名䶩。傷皮肉名齧。「䶩」音在諸反，甞至齒作嚌。不知「䶩」字所從，恐錯為「䶩」，應作「𪘨」齧，齧挽曰䶩。其䶩有作截音，未詳。「齧」音五結反。「噬」齩也。多噬為齧，至齒為嚌，由此骨肉遂致狼藉。疑發於口如咀嚼，心疑諦理如踐蹋，疑苦集之軟法如䶩甞至齒，疑滅道之堅法如齧傷皮肉，因此生死之尸狼藉擾攘。 > The Eulogy states: This allegorizes doubt. "Fox" (\*hu\*) has the pronunciation of the fanqie \*hu\* + \*du\*. The \*Yupian\* says: "A bewitching beast, ridden by ghosts." The fox has three virtues: its color is moderate and harmonious, it is small in front and large behind, and at death it invariably faces toward its home hill. Jackals (\*ye-gan\*) are blue-yellow in color like dogs; they travel in packs and howl at night with sounds like wolves; they can climb trees and nest on perilous crags and tall trees. The fox is somewhat larger in form, while the jackal is small; although their two forms are similar, there is a difference in size. Hence the \*Dhyāna Sūtra\* states, "One sees a wild fox, and again sees a jackal." Wolves can be understood by extension. These represent doubts concerning the Three Jewels, the three times, and the three realms; hence three beasts are spoken of. "Munch" (\*ju\*) is pronounced with the fanqie \*ci\* + \*lü\*, or \*chu\* + \*lü\*. "Chew" (\*jiao\*) is pronounced with the fanqie \*zai\* + \*jue\*. The \*Yupian\* states: "\*Ju\* means to hold in the mouth, to taste, to suck." Some write the character as \*ju\* (齟). "\*Jiao\*" means to bite, to masticate, to eat. Holding in the mouth is called \*ju\*; biting is called \*jiao\*. Treading with the feet is called "trampling" (\*jianta\*). Severing tendons and bones is called \*chi\*. Damaging skin and flesh is called \*nie\*. "\*Chi\*" is pronounced with the fanqie \*zai\* + \*zhu\*, tasting by touching the teeth is called \*ji\*. It is unknown where the character \*chi\* (䶩) originates; it is feared to be an error for \*chi\*, and should be written as \*nie\* (𪘨) with \*nie\* (齧), where gnawing and pulling is called \*chi\*. Some pronounce this \*chi\* as \*jie\*, but that is not verified. "\*Nie\*" has the pronunciation of the fanqie \*wu\* + \*jie\*. "\*Shi\*" means to bite. Biting repeatedly is \*nie\*; touching the teeth is \*ji\*; thereby the bones and flesh ultimately end up scattered in disorder. Doubt expressed through the mouth is like munching and chewing; the mind doubting the true principles is like trampling; doubting the soft dharmas of suffering and origination is like \*chi\*, tasting by touching the teeth; doubting the hard dharmas of cessation and the path is like \*nie\*, biting and damaging skin and flesh; because of this, the corpses of birth and death are scattered in disorder and turmoil. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 6.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.15) - [Next: 6.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.17) - [Up: 6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723~en-mt.6.16) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.16) · Pramāṇa