[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [妙法蓮華經玄贊](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723) › 6.48 # 妙法蓮華經玄贊 6.48 妙法蓮華經玄贊 6.48 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [6.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.48) 贊曰。下七頌半屬此紛披虫鬼擾攘。有三：一頌半喻欲界災，三頌半喻色界災，二頌半喻無色界災。此初也。「諸鬼神等」者，喻欲界出家外道、在家俗人。眾苦所逼遂揚聲大叫等者，等取虫獸。故《十地論》云：「外道知生、老、病、死，生厭故揚聲大叫。」今通在家。又在家起貪等鬪諍，外道起諸見鬪諍。「揚聲大叫」此為總句。由起貪等性鈍煩惱，如鵰鷲等；由起諸見疾利煩惱，如鳩盤荼等。此為別句。雖苦所逼揚聲大叫。在家俗人癡愛故生惱，出家外道以苦欲捨苦，此皆名為周慞惶怖不能自出。「周慞」者怱恾驚懼也。又為「章」字。「周」流也，周流周遍驚懼不安之狀。下有惶怖應為周章，由下悶走已為周章。此應為「慞」，體亦即怖惶。「怖」者驚懼，故惶悚怖怕也。此依初揚聲大叫解。若依後解，在俗及外道起利鈍惑常鬪諍故，以此怱遽於生死、驚忙於旦夕，豈知惑火以焚燒、虫鬼毒之傷害而求出離者也。設欲求出，無方自得。 > The Commentary says: The seven and a half verses below pertain to this chaotic bustling of insects and demons. There are three \[parts\]: one and a half verses symbolize the calamities of the desire realm; three and a half verses symbolize the calamities of the form realm; two and a half verses symbolize the calamities of the formless realm. This is the first \[part\]. "All the demons and spirits" symbolizes the non-Buddhist renunciants and householders of the desire realm. "Oppressed by manifold sufferings, / they accordingly wailed and screamed loudly, and so on": "and so on" includes the insects and beasts. Therefore the Daśabhūmika-śāstra states: "Non-Buddhists know birth, old age, sickness, and death; giving rise to revulsion, they wail and scream loudly." Here it applies equally to householders. Furthermore, householders give rise to disputes of greed and the like, while non-Buddhists give rise to disputes over various views. "Wailing and screaming loudly" is the general statement. Due to giving rise to dull afflictions such as greed, \[they are\] like condors and vultures; due to giving rise to sharp and swift afflictions such as views, \[they are\] like kumbhāṇḍas and the like. These are the specific statements. Although oppressed by suffering, they wail and scream loudly: householders give rise to distress through delusion and attachment; non-Buddhist renunciants seek to abandon suffering through suffering. These are all called "in flustered terror, unable to get out on their own." "Zhouzhang" (周慞) means hurried, alarmed, and frightened. It is also written with the character zhang 章. Zhou 周 means to flow around; it is the condition of being restless with fear, circulating and pervading. The text below has huangbu 惶怖, so it should be zhouzhang 周章 \[wandering in panic\], because below it already uses zhouzhang for "running about frantically in despair." Here it should be zhang 慞, the essence of which is terror and panic. "Panic" (bu 怖) is being startled and frightened; hence, trembling with fear and dread. This is explained according to the initial "wailing and screaming loudly." If explained according to the latter, householders and non-Buddhists give rise to sharp and dull afflictions and constantly dispute; because of this, they are rushed in life-and-death and frantic from morning to night. How could they know to seek deliverance from the fire of delusions burning them and the poison of insects and demons harming them? Even if they wished to seek escape, there is no way they could attain it by themselves. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 6.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.47) - [Next: 6.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.49) - [Up: 6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723~en-mt.6.48) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.6.48) · Pramāṇa