[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [華嚴經探玄記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733) › 1.21 # 華嚴經探玄記 1.21 華嚴經探玄記 1.21 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733.1.21) 三名阿毘達摩藏，達摩名法，阿毘有七義：一名對法，此有二義：一對向，謂因智趣向涅槃果故；二對觀，謂果智觀證涅槃滅故。雖因智亦有對觀，然以仰進修故，但名對向。世親《攝論》云「此法對向無住涅槃，能說諸諦菩提分等諸妙門故。」此約因智說，此唯所詮。二名數法，梁《攝論》釋云「諸法中隨一法，或以名相、或以別相、或以通相等數數顯此一法，故名數法。」三名伏法者，彼論云「此法能伏諸說，立破二能，由正說依止等方便故，故名伏。」四名通法，此能通釋契經義故。契經稱法，此法能通彼，即法之通，梁《攝論》名解法，由阿毘達摩，修多羅義易解故也。五名無比法、六名大法、七名擇法，此三唯約所詮。又《順正理》云「或契經名為達摩，論能決了名為對法。」此即以教對教，同上通法。或云摩得勒伽，此云本母，以教與義為本為母。亦名分別解脫。或云優波提舍，此云論義，《雜集》中名解釋也。此契經等上三種，皆含攝所詮出生義理，俱名為藏。《莊嚴論》第四云「彼三及此二云何名藏？答：由攝故，謂攝一切所應知義也。初藏通持業、依主；後二藏唯依主，以從所詮為名故。」餘出體性及諸門分別，廣如別說。 > Third, the basket called abhidharma. \*Dharma\* means dharma (phenomenon or teaching). \*Abhi\* has seven meanings: (1) 'Facing the Dharma' (\*duifa\*). This has two senses: first, facing toward, meaning that the causal knowledge aims toward the fruit of nirvāṇa; second, facing in contemplation, meaning that the fruitional knowledge contemplates and realizes the cessation of nirvāṇa. Although the causal knowledge also has facing in contemplation, because it aspires and advances in cultivation, it is merely named 'facing toward.' Vasubandhu's \*Mahāyānasaṃgraha-bhāṣya\* says: 'This dharma faces toward non-abiding nirvāṇa, because it can teach the various sublime gates such as the truths and the factors of bodhi.' This is said with respect to causal knowledge, and refers purely to the signified. (2) 'Numbering dharmas' (\*shufa\*). The Liang translation of the \*Mahāyānasaṃgraha-bhāṣya\* explains: 'Among the various dharmas, in accordance with any single dharma, one repeatedly clarifies this one dharma either through its nominal characteristic, its particular characteristic, or its common characteristic; hence it is called numbering dharmas.' (3) 'Subduing dharmas' (\*fufa\*). That treatise says: 'This dharma can subdue all \[rival\] assertions, possessing the two capabilities of establishing and refuting, through expedients such as the basis of correct discourse; therefore it is called subduing.' (4) 'Penetrating dharmas' (\*tongfa\*), because it can comprehensively explain the meanings of the sūtras. Sūtras are called dharma, and this dharma can penetrate them—that is, the penetration of dharma; the Liang \*Mahāyānasaṃgraha-bhāṣya\* names it 'comprehending dharmas' (\*jiefa\*), because through abhidharma the meaning of the sūtras is easily understood. (5) 'Peerless dharma' (\*wubifa\*); (6) 'great dharma' (\*dafa\*); (7) 'discerning dharmas' (\*zefa\*). These three pertain solely to the signified. Furthermore, the \*Nyāyānusāra\* says: 'Alternatively, sūtras are called dharma, and the treatise that can decisively comprehend them is called abhidharma.' This brings teaching against teaching, identical to the 'penetrating dharmas' above. Or it is called \*mātṛkā\*, here translated as 'matrix' (\*benmu\*), taking teaching and meaning as root and mother; it is also called 'discriminative liberation.' Or it is called \*upadeśa\*, here translated as 'treatise on meaning' (\*lunyi\*); in the \*Abhidharmasamuccaya-vyākhyā\* it is called 'exposition.' These three kinds above—the sūtras and so forth—all contain and subsume the signified and give birth to meaning and principle; all are named 'baskets.' The fourth fascicle of the \*Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra\* says: 'Why are those three and these two called baskets? Answer: Because of subsumption, meaning that they subsume all knowable meanings. The first basket admits of both appositional (\*karmadhāraya\*) and genitive (\*tatpuruṣa\*) compounds; the latter two baskets are strictly genitive compounds, because they take their names from what they signify.' The remaining matters of identifying their essential nature and the various categorical analyses are as expounded in detail elsewhere. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733.1.20) - [Next: 1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733.1.22) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733~en-mt.1.21) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733.1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1733.1.21) · Pramāṇa