[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大方廣佛華嚴經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735) › 55.31 # 大方廣佛華嚴經疏 55.31 大方廣佛華嚴經疏 55.31 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [55.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735.55.31) 十釋文者，於攝善財十信行中，文別有四：一四部雲奔、二三業調化、三上根隨逐、四大聖重教。今初，分二：先總明、後「時有」下別顯。別有四眾：一優婆塞，此云近事男，謂親近比丘而承事故。別名云婆須達多者，此云善施，或云財施。餘可思準。二優婆夷，此云近事女，親近比丘尼而承事故。上二並由受五戒故，立近事名。三童男、四童女，並可知。而數皆五百者，表五位證入並通此故。 > Tenth, explaining the text: within the subsumption of Sudhana's practices of the ten faiths, the text has four divisions: first, the fourfold assembly rushing like clouds; second, the transformation and attunement through the three karmas; third, those of superior faculties following along; and fourth, the great sage repeating the teaching. Now regarding the first, it is divided into two: first, an overall explanation; next, the specific elaboration from "at that time there was" downward. Specifically there are the four assemblies: first, upāsakas, translated here as "close-serving men," meaning they draw close to monks and attend upon their affairs. The specific name Vasudatta is translated here as "Good Giving" or "Giving of Wealth." The rest may be inferred accordingly. Second, upāsikās, translated here as "close-serving women," because they draw close to nuns and attend upon their affairs. Both of the above establish the name "close-serving" on account of receiving the five precepts. Third, boys, and fourth, girls; both may be known \[by their names\]. That their number is in each case five hundred is to express that the realizations and entries into the five stations all penetrate through this. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 55.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735.55.30) - [Next: 55.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735.55.32) - [Up: 55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735.55) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735~en-mt.55.31) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735.55.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1735.55.31) · Pramāṇa