[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736) › 19.62 # 大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 19.62 大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 19.62 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [19.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736.19.62) 疏「然諸天壽之長短」等者，《俱舍．世界品》云「人間五十年，下天一晝夜。乘斯壽五百，上五倍倍增。色無晝夜殊，劫數等身量。無色初二萬，後後二二增。」言身量者，頌云「欲天俱盧舍，四分一一增。色天踰𮜖那，初四增半半。此上增倍倍，唯無雲減三。」釋曰：俱盧舍即二里，踰𮜖那即十六里，以八俱盧舍為一踰𮜖那故。則四天王天身長半里，至第六天身長三里，以半里半里增故。有引《三法度經》云：忉利天身長一由旬，衣二由旬，廣一由旬者，以彼誤譯里為由旬，不知彼失，故妄引耳。四天王天半里，忉利天則一里，餘可例知。上云劫數等身量者，色界梵眾天身長半由旬，則人壽半劫，餘可例知。云初四增半半者，二梵輔天則一由旬，三大梵則一由旬半，四少光則二由旬。此上諸天皆倍倍增，唯無雲天減三由旬。所以減者，略出一意。唯無量光天四由旬，光音則八，少淨十六，無量淨三十二，遍淨六十四，至無雲天合有一百二十八，減却三由旬，有一百二十五。此上七天倍倍增之，至色究竟天欲成一萬六千劫，故則身長一萬六千由旬。又云「少光上下天，大全半為劫。」謂少光已上大全為劫，謂八十中劫為一劫也。自下諸天大半為劫，即四十中劫為一劫也。言中劫者，即一增一減劫也。言「衣服輕重」者，四天王衣十二銖，忉利六銖，夜摩三銖，兜率一銖半，化樂一銖，他化半銖，上皆減半也。言「宮殿等殊」者，月天，《長阿含》云「其城正方一千九百六十里，高下亦爾。有分為二：一分真金、一分瑠璃。王座二十里，遙看似圓，而實正方。日天同此，但量加半由旬。三十三天中宮名善現，周萬踰𮜖那，高一半，金城雜飾。其地柔軟，中有殊勝殿，周千踰𮜖那。」此上諸天皆倍倍勝，可以意得。今但略消名意，故指廣在餘。 > Regarding the commentary's statement, "However, as for the length of life among the various gods," and so forth: the \*Abhidharmakośa\*, "Chapter on the World," says: "Fifty human years make one day and night in the lowest heaven. Multiplying this, their lifespan is five hundred \[years\], and the five higher \[desire heavens\] double successively. In the form realm there is no distinction of day and night; the number of kalpas equals their body height. In the first formless realm it is twenty thousand, and each subsequent one increases by two and two \[tens of thousands\]." Concerning their body height, the verse says: "In the desire heavens, it is a krośa, increasing by a quarter \[krośa\] each. In the form heavens, it is a yojana; the first four increase by half and half. Above this, they double and double successively, with only Cloudless \[Heaven\] reduced by three." Explanation: A krośa is two li, and a yojana is sixteen li, because eight krośas make one yojana. Thus, the gods of the Four Heavenly Kings have a body height of half a li, reaching three li at the sixth heaven, because it increases by half a li each time. Some cite the \*Tridharmakā-śāstra\* as saying that the gods of the Trāyastriṃśa have a body height of one yojana, clothing of two yojanas, and a width of one yojana; this is because that work mistakenly translated li as yojana, and, unaware of its error, they falsely cited it. If the Four Heavenly Kings heaven is half a li, then Trāyastriṃśa is one li, and the rest can be known by analogy. As for the verse above saying that the number of kalpas equals the body height: in the Brahmā-pāriṣadya heaven of the form realm, their body height is half a yojana, so their lifespan is half a kalpa, and the rest can be known by analogy. When it says the first four increase by half and half: the second, Brahmā-purohita, is one yojana; the third, Mahābrahmā, is one and a half yojanas; and the fourth, Parīttābha, is two yojanas. Above this, all heavens double successively, with only Anabhraka (Cloudless) Heaven being reduced by three yojanas. As for why it is reduced, we briefly offer one explanation: Apramāṇābha is four yojanas; Ābhāsvara is eight; Parīttaśubha is sixteen; Apramāṇaśubha is thirty-two; Śubhakṛtsna is sixty-four; reaching Anabhraka Heaven it should be one hundred twenty-eight, but subtracting three yojanas leaves one hundred twenty-five. The seven heavens above this double successively, reaching Akaniṣṭha Heaven where it comes to sixteen thousand kalpas, so their body height is sixteen thousand yojanas. It also says: "For the heavens above and below Parīttābha, a full great \[kalpa\] and a half \[great kalpa\] make a kalpa." That is to say, from Parīttābha upward, a full great \[kalpa\] makes a kalpa, meaning eighty medium kalpas constitute one kalpa. For the heavens below it, a half great \[kalpa\] makes a kalpa, which is forty medium kalpas making one kalpa. A medium kalpa refers to one kalpa of increase and decrease. Regarding the "lightness and weight of clothing": the clothing of the Four Heavenly Kings weighs twelve zhu; Trāyastriṃśa, six zhu; Yāma, three zhu; Tuṣita, one and a half zhu; Nirmāṇarati, one zhu; and Paranirmitavaśavartin, half a zhu—above each, it is halved. Regarding the "distinctions among palaces and so forth": as for the Moon God, the \*Dīrghāgama\* says: "Its city is square, one thousand nine hundred sixty li, and its height is the same. It is divided into two halves: one half of genuine gold, and one half of vaiḍūrya. The king's throne is twenty li; seen from afar it appears circular, but in reality it is square. The Sun God is the same as this, but its measurement adds half a yojana. The central palace of the Trāyastriṃśa is named Sudarśana; its perimeter is ten thousand yojanas, its height is half of that, with golden walls and various adornments. Its ground is soft, and in the middle is an extraordinary palace with a perimeter of one thousand yojanas." The heavens above this are all successively superior; this can be inferred conceptually. Here we merely explain briefly the meaning of the names, and point to other texts for the extensive details. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 19.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736.19.61) - [Next: 19.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736.19.63) - [Up: 19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736.19) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736~en-mt.19.62) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736.19.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1736.19.62) · Pramāṇa