[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大華嚴經略策](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737) › 1.49 # 大華嚴經略策 1.49 大華嚴經略策 1.49 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737.1.49) 第四十二、十二分教。問：何名十二部經？答：十二分教舊名十二部經，恐濫部帙改名分教。十二分者：一修多羅，此云契經，此有三相：初總相、二別相、三本相。總者，始從如是我聞，終至歡喜奉行，皆曰修多羅；別者，於前總中分出十一部也；本者，於彼別中初略後廣也。二祇夜，此云應頌，如〈十住品〉、〈發心住品〉頌故。三和伽羅那，此云授記，如〈發心品〉及〈出現品〉是也。四伽陀，此云諷誦，如三天偈讚。五尼陀那，此云因緣，如三家五請及觀善財。六優陀那，此云自說，如〈十地〉初本分是，及〈普賢行品〉是也。七伊帝目多伽，此云本事，如大威光經文是也。八闍陀伽，此云本生，如說諸善友往生時事也。九毘佛略，此云方廣，此經一部全受斯稱。《涅槃經》云「所謂大乘方廣經典，其義廣大猶如虛空」故。又《雜集論》開為五義，方廣者謂菩薩藏相應言說故；亦名廣破，廣破一切障故；亦名無比法，無有諸法能比類故、一切有情利益安樂所依處故、演說廣大甚深義故。十阿浮達磨，此云未曾有，如不起而昇四天及示行七步等。十一阿波陀那，此云譬喻，如〈出現品〉是。十二優婆提舍，此云論義，如〈問明品〉是。又問：因何有斯十二分教？答：梁《攝論》云「從真如流出正體智，正體智流出後得智，後得智流出大悲心，大悲心流出十二分教」也。謹對。 > Forty-second: The twelve divisions of teachings. Question: What are the twelve divisions of scriptures? Answer: The twelve divisions of teachings were formerly called the twelve divisions of scriptures; fearing confusion with bound volumes \[of texts\], the name was changed to divisions of teachings. As for the twelve divisions: First is sūtra, translated here as matching scriptures. This has three aspects: first, the general aspect; second, the particular aspect; third, the primary aspect. The general aspect refers to everything from "Thus have I heard" at the beginning to "rejoiced and practiced \[it\]" at the end, all being called sūtras. The particular aspect refers to the other eleven divisions distinguished out of the aforementioned general \[category\]. The primary aspect refers to that which within those particular \[scriptures\] is brief at first and detailed later. Second is geya, translated here as responding verses, such as the verses in the "Chapter on the Ten Abodes" and the "Chapter on the Abode of Generating the Aspiration \[for Enlightenment\]". Third is vyākaraṇa, translated here as prophecy, such as in the "Chapter on Generating the Aspiration \[for Enlightenment\]" and the "Chapter on the Manifestation \[of the Tathāgata\]". Fourth is gāthā, translated here as recitation verses, such as the verse praises in the three heavens. Fifth is nidāna, translated here as causes and conditions, such as the five requests of the three groups and the observing of Sudhana. Sixth is udāna, translated here as spontaneous discourses, such as the original portion at the beginning of the "Ten Stages", and the "Chapter on Samantabhadra's Practices". Seventh is itivṛttaka, translated here as past events, such as the text concerning Great Majestically Radiant \[King\]. Eighth is jātaka, translated here as past lives, such as the accounts of the events during past births of the various kalyāṇamitras. Ninth is vaipulya, translated here as extensive and wide; this entire sūtra as a whole receives this title. As the Nirvāṇa Sūtra says: "The so-called Mahāyāna vaipulya scriptures have meanings as vast as empty space." Furthermore, the Abhidharmasamuccaya-vyākhyā analyzes it into five meanings: vaipulya means discourse corresponding to the bodhisattvapiṭaka; it is also called broad destruction because it broadly destroys all obstacles; it is also called the incomparable Dharma because there are no teachings that can be compared to it, because it is the foundation for the benefit and peace of all sentient beings, and because it expounds vast and extremely profound meanings. Tenth is adbhutadharma, translated here as unprecedented, such as ascending to the four heavens without rising \[from the seat\], and manifesting the walking of seven paces. Eleventh is avadāna, translated here as parables, such as in the "Chapter on the Manifestation \[of the Tathāgata\]". Twelfth is upadeśa, translated here as analytical discussions, such as the "Chapter on Inquiring into the Clear \[Meaning\]". Question: For what reason are there these twelve divisions of teachings? Answer: The Liang translation of the Mahāyānasaṃgraha states: "From tathatā flows forth fundamental wisdom; from fundamental wisdom flows forth subsequently attained wisdom; from subsequently attained wisdom flows forth the mind of great compassion; from the mind of great compassion flow forth the twelve divisions of teachings." Respectfully answered. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737.1.48) - [Next: 1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737.1.50) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737~en-mt.1.49) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737.1.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1737.1.49) · Pramāṇa