[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [無量壽經義疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745) › 1.2 # 無量壽經義疏 1.2 無量壽經義疏 1.2 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745.1.2) 聖教不同，略要唯二：一聲聞藏、二菩薩藏。教聲聞法，名聲聞藏；教菩薩法，名菩薩藏。聲聞藏中所教有二：一聲聞聲聞、二緣覺聲聞。聲聞聲聞者，是人先來求聲聞道，常樂觀察四真諦法，成聲聞性。於最後身，值佛為說四真諦法而得悟道。本聲聞性，今復聞聲而得悟道，是故名為聲聞聲聞。經言「為求聲聞者說四諦法」，此之謂也。緣覺聲聞者，是人本來求緣覺道，常樂觀察十二因緣，成緣覺性。於最後身，值佛為說十二緣法而得悟道。本緣覺性，以最後身聞聲悟道，是故號曰緣覺聲聞。經言「為求緣覺者說十二緣」。據此為言，成二雖殊，同受小法，並於現在聞聲悟道，是故對斯二人所說，為聲聞藏。菩薩藏中所立二：一漸、二頓。言漸入者，是人過去曾學大法，中間習小，證得小果，後還入大。從小來，稱之為漸。故經說言「除先修習學小乘者，我今亦令入是法中」，此是漸入。言頓悟者，有諸眾生久習大乘相應善根，今始見佛，則能入大。大不由小，因之為頓。故經說言「或有眾生，世世已來常受我化，始見我身、聞我所說，即皆信受，入如來慧」，此是頓悟。漸入菩薩，藉淺階遠；頓悟菩薩，一越解大。頓漸雖殊，以其當時受大處一。是故對斯二人所說，為菩薩藏。聖教雖眾，不出此二。故龍樹云：「佛滅度後，迦葉、阿難於王舍城結集法藏，為聲聞藏。文殊、阿難於鐵圍山集摩訶衍，為菩薩藏。」《地持》亦云「佛為聲聞菩薩行出苦道，說脩多羅。結集經者集為二藏，以說聲聞所行為聲聞藏、說菩薩行為菩薩藏。」故知聖教無出此二，此二亦名大乘小乘，半滿教等。名雖反改，其義不殊。今此經者，二藏之中，菩薩藏收，為根熟人頓教法輪。云何知頓？此經正為凡夫人中厭畏生死、求正定者，教令發心，生于淨土。不從小大，故知是頓。已知分者，次釋其名。 > The sacred teachings are manifold, but in summary there are only two: first, the Śrāvakapiṭaka; second, the Bodhisattvapiṭaka. The teaching of the śrāvaka Dharma is named the Śrāvakapiṭaka; the teaching of the bodhisattva Dharma is named the Bodhisattvapiṭaka. Within the Śrāvakapiṭaka, those taught are of two kinds: first, śrāvaka-śrāvakas; second, pratyekabuddha-śrāvakas. As for the śrāvaka-śrāvaka: this person has formerly sought the śrāvaka path, always delighting in observing the Dharma of the four noble truths, and has formed a śrāvaka nature. In his final life, he encounters a buddha who expounds the Dharma of the four noble truths for him, and thereby attains awakening to the path. Originally of a śrāvaka nature, now he again hears the voice \[of the Buddha\] and attains awakening to the path; therefore he is named a śrāvaka-śrāvaka. When the sūtras say, 'For those seeking \[the vehicle of\] the śrāvaka, he expounds the Dharma of the four truths,' this is what it means. As for the pratyekabuddha-śrāvaka: this person originally sought the pratyekabuddha path, always delighting in observing the twelve links of dependent origination, and has formed a pratyekabuddha nature. In his final life, he encounters a buddha who expounds the Dharma of the twelve links for him, and thereby attains awakening to the path. Originally of a pratyekabuddha nature, by hearing the voice \[of the Buddha\] in his final life he awakens to the path; therefore he is called a pratyekabuddha-śrāvaka. When the sūtras say, 'For those seeking \[the vehicle of\] the pratyekabuddha, he expounds the twelve links,' it is said on this basis. Although their realization is twofold and distinct, they equally receive the lesser Dharma, and both hear the voice \[of the Buddha\] in the present and awaken to the path; therefore, what is spoken with respect to these two persons constitutes the Śrāvakapiṭaka. Within the Bodhisattvapiṭaka, two \[types\] are established: first, the gradual; second, the sudden. As for the gradual entrant: this person previously studied the great Dharma in the past, practiced the small in the interim, realized the small fruition, and later returned to enter the great. Coming from the small, it is called 'gradual.' Thus the sūtra says: 'Except for those who previously cultivated and studied the Hīnayāna, I now also cause them to enter into this Dharma'—this is the gradual entrance. As for the suddenly awakened: there are sentient beings who have long practiced roots of goodness corresponding to the Mahāyāna; seeing the Buddha now for the first time, they are able to enter the great. Because the great does not proceed from the small, it is called 'sudden.' Thus the sūtra says: 'There are sentient beings who have constantly received my transformation life after life; upon first seeing my body and hearing what I say, they immediately believe and accept it, entering into the Tathāgata's wisdom'—this is sudden awakening. The bodhisattva of gradual entrance relies on the shallow to mount to the far; the bodhisattva of sudden awakening leaps over at once to understand the great. Although sudden and gradual are distinct, they are one in their present reception of the great. Therefore, what is spoken with respect to these two persons constitutes the Bodhisattvapiṭaka. Although the sacred teachings are numerous, they do not go beyond these two. Thus Nāgārjuna says: 'After the Buddha's nirvāṇa, Kāśyapa and Ānanda compiled the Dharma-piṭaka at Rājagṛha, which became the Śrāvakapiṭaka. Mañjuśrī and Ānanda compiled the Mahāyāna at Mount Cakravāḍa, which became the Bodhisattvapiṭaka.' The Bodhisattvabhūmi also says: 'The Buddha expounded the sūtras for the paths leading out of suffering practiced by śrāvakas and bodhisattvas. The compilers of the sūtras compiled them into two piṭakas: expounding the practice of śrāvakas constitutes the Śrāvakapiṭaka, and expounding the practice of bodhisattvas constitutes the Bodhisattvapiṭaka.' Therefore we know that the sacred teachings do not go beyond these two. These two are also called the Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna, the half and full teachings, and so on. Although the names change inversely, their meaning is not different. Now, this sūtra is subsumed within the Bodhisattvapiṭaka among the two piṭakas, being the dharmacakra of sudden teaching for people of ripe faculties. How is it known to be sudden? This sūtra is precisely for ordinary beings who dread birth-and-death and seek right fixation, teaching them to produce the mind \[of awakening\] and be born in the Pure Land. Not proceeding from the small to the great, it is thereby known to be sudden. Having already understood its classification, next we explain its title. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745.1.1) - [Next: 1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745.1.3) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745~en-mt.1.2) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [大般涅槃經義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.4) — Classical Chinese - [維摩義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.6) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745.1.2) · Pramāṇa