[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [阿彌陀經通贊疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758) › 3.89 # 阿彌陀經通贊疏 3.89 阿彌陀經通贊疏 3.89 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [3.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758.3.89) 由此五濁據增行相，欲令生厭故偏說五。五相攝者，《薩遮尼乾子經》云立十二濁：一、示現劫濁；二、示現時濁；三、示現眾生濁；四、示現煩惱濁；五、示現命濁；六、示現三乘差別濁；七、示現不淨國土濁；八、示現難化眾生濁；九、示現說種種煩惱濁；十、示現外道亂濁；十一、示現魔濁；十二、示現魔業濁。劫濁及時即劫濁，眾生及難化眾生即眾生濁，煩惱及說種種煩惱即煩惱濁，命即命濁，外道亂即是見濁，此八即五濁。餘之四種謂三乘差別、不淨國土、魔及魔業，非五濁攝。五濁據勝，唯實雜染；十二濁通能化能障，佛示現故。 > Because these five defilements are based on the predominant modes of activity, wanting to generate revulsion, only five are specifically spoken of. Fifth, mutual subsumption. The Satyakanirgrantha Sūtra establishes twelve defilements: 1. the manifestation of the defilement of the kalpa; 2. the manifestation of the defilement of time; 3. the manifestation of the defilement of sentient beings; 4. the manifestation of the defilement of afflictions; 5. the manifestation of the defilement of lifespan; 6. the manifestation of the defilement of distinctions among the three vehicles; 7. the manifestation of the defilement of impure lands; 8. the manifestation of the defilement of sentient beings difficult to transform; 9. the manifestation of the defilement of preaching various afflictions; 10. the manifestation of the defilement of the chaos of non-Buddhists; 11. the manifestation of the defilement of Māra; 12. the manifestation of the defilement of Māra's deeds. The defilement of the kalpa and of time are the defilement of the kalpa; sentient beings and sentient beings difficult to transform are the defilement of sentient beings; afflictions and preaching various afflictions are the defilement of afflictions; lifespan is the defilement of lifespan; the chaos of non-Buddhists is the defilement of views. These eight are identical to the five defilements. The remaining four kinds—namely the distinctions among the three vehicles, impure lands, Māra, and Māra's deeds—are not subsumed under the five defilements. The five defilements are based on what is predominant, consisting solely of actual afflictive defilements; the twelve defilements encompass both what can transform and what can obstruct, because they are manifested by the Buddha. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 3.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758.3.88) - [Next: 3.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758.3.90) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758.3) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758~en-mt.3.89) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [法苑珠林](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.98.15) — 道世, Classical Chinese - [妙法蓮華經玄贊](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1723.4.54) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758.3.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1758.3.89) · Pramāṇa