[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [阿彌陀經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760) › 1.38 # 阿彌陀經疏 1.38 阿彌陀經疏 1.38 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.38) 與大比丘僧，明類也。與，共也。大者，梵云摩訶，而含三義：大義、多義、勝義。此諸尊者悉為天王大人所敬故言大，遍解內外典籍故言多，超出九十五種外道故言勝，譯者偏就一義而翻也。比丘者，因果六義，因名乞士、怖魔、破惡，果號應供、殺賊、無生。乞士者，告求資身永離四種邪食故。怖魔者，發心出家，魔王怖其出境故。破惡者，能破九十八使煩惡因故。而此所列同聞眾皆大羅漢，名雖在因其實果人也。僧者，具云僧伽，此翻眾和合，謂四人以上乃至無量，示事理二和無有違諍，故名眾也。 > “Together with a gathering of great bhikṣus” clarifies the category. “Together with” means in company with. “Great” in Sanskrit is mahā, which contains three meanings: great, many, and supreme. Because these venerables were all revered by deva kings and great beings, it is called “great”; because they fully understood internal and external texts, it is called “many”; and because they surpassed the ninety-five kinds of non-Buddhist paths, it is called “supreme.” The translator rendered it based solely on one meaning. “Bhikṣu” has six meanings across cause and fruit: at the causal stage, they are named “beggar of sustenance,” “terrorizer of Māra,” and “destroyer of evil”; at the fruition stage, they are designated “worthy of offerings,” “slayer of thieves,” and “unborn.” “Beggar of sustenance” means appealing for what supports the body so as to be forever parted from the four kinds of improper livelihood. “Terrorizer of Māra” means that when one resolves to leave household life, the Demon King fears their departure from his realm. “Destroyer of evil” means being able to eradicate the ninety-eight entangling afflictions, which are evil causes. Now, this listed assembly of co-listeners were all great arhats; though their name remains at the causal stage, they were in truth persons of the fruit. “Saṅgha” in full is saṃgha, translated here as “harmonious assembly,” meaning four or more persons up to an immeasurable number; showing that the two harmonies of phenomenal action and principle are without conflict or dispute, it is therefore called an “assembly.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.37) - [Next: 1.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.39) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760~en-mt.1.38) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.38) · Pramāṇa