[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [阿彌陀經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760) › 1.50 # 阿彌陀經疏 1.50 阿彌陀經疏 1.50 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.50) 舍利下，二、別示。為二：一、明二報莊嚴；二、勸願生彼國。初又二：一、依報二、正報。初又二：一、徵名釋義；二、約報示相。初又二：一、徵名；其國下，二、釋義。故名極樂者，以對娑婆備有眾苦故受極樂之名。若四土轉論，其樂未極。言四土者：一、凡聖同居土，謂具縛凡夫、斷惑聖人同居住故；二、方便有餘土，謂修方便道斷四住惑，而餘有無明在故，所以出三界外受法性身而有變易生死也；三、實報無障礙土，謂修中道真實之觀破無明惑，得生彼土而受色心無礙之報也；四、常寂光土，即心性妙理也，常即法身；寂即法身、寂即解脫；光即般若。應知前三是事，後一是理。三土如像如飯，寂光如鏡如器。若各論苦樂者，五濁重故苦，體觀斷惑巧故樂，方便也；次第修證故苦，圓融頓入故樂，實報；分證未極故苦，究竟圓滿故樂，寂光也。初後約果論苦樂，中二望因明苦樂。若展轉相望，則前七皆苦，後一唯樂，當知究竟寂光乃名極樂耳。佛意欲令一切咸至第八之樂故，且讚第二令厭初苦。若得第二既不退轉，則第八可期，大聖之善權其若是乎！ > From “Śāri\[putra\]” downward is the second part, the specific explanation. It has two parts: first, clarifying the adornments of the two retributions; second, exhorting them to vow to be born in that land. The first also has two parts: first, circumstantial retribution; second, primary retribution. The first also has two parts: first, inquiring about the name and explaining its meaning; second, showing its characteristics according to retribution. The first also has two parts: first, inquiring about the name; from “that land” downward, second, explaining its meaning. “Therefore it is named Sukhāvatī (Utmost Bliss)”: because in contrast to Sahā, which is replete with myriad sufferings, it receives the name of Utmost Bliss. If the four lands are discussed in succession, its bliss is not yet ultimate. Regarding the four lands: first, the Land where Commoners and Sages Reside Together, meaning that commoners bound by all defilements and sages who have severed delusions reside together; second, the Land of Expediency with Remainder, meaning that those who cultivate the path of expedient means sever the delusions of the four abodes, but ignorance remains as a residue, so that they depart outside the three realms, receive a dharma-nature body, and have death and rebirth of transformation; third, the Land of True Retribution without Obstruction, meaning that those who cultivate the authentic contemplation of the Middle Way destroy the delusion of ignorance, attaining rebirth in that land and receiving the retribution of non-obstruction between form and mind; fourth, the Land of Eternally Quiescent Light, which is the wondrous principle of mind-nature itself: “eternal” is the dharma body; “quiescent” is liberation; “light” is prajñā. One should know that the first three are phenomenal, and the latter one is principle. The three lands are like images or cooked rice, while Quiescent Light is like a mirror or a vessel. If we discuss suffering and bliss for each: because the five defilements are heavy, there is suffering; because the contemplation of nature cuts off delusion skillfully, there is bliss—this is Expediency. Because cultivation and realization proceed in stages, there is suffering; because harmonious integration enters abruptly, there is bliss—this is True Retribution. Because partial realization is not yet ultimate, there is suffering; because ultimate completion is perfect, there is bliss—this is Quiescent Light. The first and the last discuss suffering and bliss in terms of fruit; the middle two clarify suffering and bliss with reference to cause. If viewed relative to one another in progression, the first seven are all suffering and only the last one is bliss; one should know that only ultimate Quiescent Light is truly called Utmost Bliss. The Buddha’s intent was to cause all to reach the bliss of the eighth, and therefore he tentatively praised the second to make them weary of the first suffering. If one attains the second and thereby achieves non-retrogression, the eighth can be anticipated. How great is the Grand Sage’s skillful means! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.49) - [Next: 1.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.51) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760~en-mt.1.50) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1760.1.50) · Pramāṇa