[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經集解](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763) › 30.28 # 大般涅槃經集解 30.28 大般涅槃經集解 30.28 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [30.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.30.28) 案道生曰：生是生者所貪，苦是苦者所惡。貪則為勝，惡則為劇。下生自是三塗，下苦自是人天。而生即是苦，似若下苦是彼下生，故致問也。僧亮曰：承聲為難耳，乃更與三關問也。佛所言下者，輕微為下也。如迦葉所言，以尤重為下也。此第一關也。寶亮曰：物情一往未悟，迦葉今更作二難。佛意以人天為下苦，迦葉以三塗為下苦。 > Daosheng comments: Rebirth is what the living crave; suffering is what the afflicted loathe. Craving makes it superior; loathing makes it severe. Inferior rebirth is naturally the three evil paths; lesser suffering is naturally humans and devas. Yet rebirth is itself suffering, seemingly as though lesser suffering were that inferior rebirth; hence he raises the question. Sengliang comments: He is merely taking the word literally to raise an objection, thereby proposing three checkpoints of questioning. What the Buddha calls 'lesser' means slight and minor as 'lesser'. As Kāśyapa says, the most severe is taken as 'inferior'. This is the first checkpoint. Baoliang says: Since the mind of living beings did not immediately comprehend, Kāśyapa now raises two further objections. The Buddha's intent takes humans and devas as lesser suffering, while Kāśyapa takes the three evil paths as inferior suffering. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 30.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.30.27) - [Next: 30.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.30.29) - [Up: 30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.30) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763~en-mt.30.28) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.30.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.30.28) · Pramāṇa