[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經集解](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763) › 60.80 # 大般涅槃經集解 60.80 大般涅槃經集解 60.80 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [60.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.60.80) 案僧亮曰：釋上定不定業也。優婆塞戒說業有四種：一報定時定、二報定時不定、三時定報不定、四時不定報不定也。今說二者，以初二報定合為一也。僧宗曰：向已明有轉，今廣出報定世定，為彰可轉之義。言報之為理，不出世定報定。若世報俱定，此家為重。若報定世不定，此為第二。若世定報不定，此為第三。若報世俱不定，此為第四。寶亮曰：此下竟三報業，悉為證初第一門業性不定。意業有二種：定以不定。今開四句明業體。第一時定報不定。此人作業之時莫問輕重，但是猛利心中作也。作業成後，更經營運誓心來逐此業，名為業定。若此時差，則永不復受也。報定時不定者，此人作業之時心極慇重，未必決斷，復無誓心，故或現受、生受、後受也。俱不定者，作時不重，又不決斷也。二俱定者，與上相違。 > Sengliang states: "This explains the fixed and unfixed karmas mentioned above. The Upāsaka-śīla Sūtra explains that karma has four varieties: first, retribution is fixed and time is fixed; second, retribution is fixed and time is unfixed; third, time is fixed and retribution is unfixed; fourth, time is unfixed and retribution is unfixed. Here, he speaks of two kinds because he combines the first two where retribution is fixed into one." Sengzong states: "He previously clarified that there is transformation; now he elaborates on fixed retribution and fixed time to make clear the principle of transformability. Speaking of the principle of retribution, it does not go beyond fixed time and fixed retribution. If both time and retribution are fixed, this category is the heaviest. If retribution is fixed but time is unfixed, this is the second. If time is fixed but retribution is unfixed, this is the third. If both retribution and time are unfixed, this is the fourth." Baoliang states: "From here down through the karmas of the three retributions, all serve to prove the initial first heading that the nature of karma is not fixed. Volitional karma is of two kinds: fixed and unfixed. Now he sets out four alternatives to clarify the substance of karma. First, time is fixed and retribution is unfixed: when this person performs karma, regardless of whether it is light or heavy, it is performed with a fiercely resolute mind. After the karma is accomplished, they further apply themselves and make a resolute vow to reinforce this karma; this is called 'fixed karma.' If this time passes, it will never be experienced again. As for 'retribution is fixed and time is unfixed': when this person performs karma, their mind is extremely earnest, but not necessarily definitive, and furthermore they have no resolute vow; therefore it is experienced either in the present life, the next life, or subsequent lives. As for 'both are unfixed': at the time of action it was not grave, nor was it definitive. As for 'both are fixed': it is the opposite of the above." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 60.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.60.79) - [Next: 60.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.60.81) - [Up: 60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.60) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763~en-mt.60.80) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.60.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1763.60.80) · Pramāṇa