[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764) › 1.30 # 大般涅槃經義記 1.30 大般涅槃經義記 1.30 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.30) 「在拘尸國」等是化處也，處別有四：一國、二地、三河、四林。遊化處中，目之為在。拘尸國者，從城為名，此云軟草，《阿含經》中名曰茅城。力士地者，約人別處，國界寬漫，故復別指，諸力士子生於此處，是故名為力士生地。阿利羅跋提河邊，約河別處，生地猶寬，故復辯之，此方翻名金沙河也。娑羅樹者，約林別處，河猶寬長，故復曲指，此方翻名堅固林也，冬夏不改，名堅固林。何故在此國樹二處？下文自解地河二處當亦有以，文中不辯，不可輒言。有人於此寄事表法，言拘尸城是仙人城，仙人長命，表佛長壽。力士生地表佛大力，不為四魔之所摧伏。金沙河者，表涅槃河有佛性沙。堅固林者，表示如來真身堅固，不可破壞。或可如此，但非經說，未可為定。 > 'In the land of Kuśinagara' and so forth is the place of conversion. The places are distinguished into four: first, the country; second, the ground; third, the river; fourth, the grove. Wandering and teaching within the place, it is designated as 'being in.' The land of Kuśinagara is named after the city; here translated, it is called 'Soft Grass'; in the Āgamas it is called the 'City of Kuśa Grass.' The Malla ground distinguishes the place in terms of its people: the country's borders are broad and expansive, and so it is further designated specifically; the various sons of the Mallas were born in this place, hence it is called the birthplace of the Mallas. Beside the Hiraṇyavatī River distinguishes the place in terms of the river: the birthplace is still broad, and so it is further discerned; translated in this region, it is named the Golden Sand River. The Sāla trees distinguish the place in terms of the grove: the river is still broad and long, and so it is further specifically designated; translated in this region, it is named the Indestructible Grove; remaining unchanged in winter and summer, it is called the Indestructible Grove. Why is it in these two places—this country and these trees? The text below will explain of itself; regarding the two places of the ground and the river, there must also be reasons, but since the text does not discern them, one should not speak rashly. Someone here used phenomenal events to express the Dharma, saying that the city of Kuśi is the city of immortals, and immortals have long life, symbolizing the Buddha's long life. The birthplace of the Mallas symbolizes the Buddha's great power, which cannot be subdued by the four māras. The Golden Sand River symbolizes that the river of nirvāṇa possesses the sands of buddha-nature. The Indestructible Grove symbolizes that the Tathāgata's true body is firm and indestructible. It may well be like this, but since it is not spoken by the sūtra, it cannot yet be taken as definitive. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.29) - [Next: 1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.31) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764~en-mt.1.30) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.30) · Pramāṇa