[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764) › 1.54 # 大般涅槃經義記 1.54 大般涅槃經義記 1.54 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.54) 出家眾中，先列聲聞，後列菩薩，諸經多爾。何故而然？汎解有四：一遠近分別，聲聞之人常隨如來，因明佛後，隨近先列，如上所列比丘眾是；菩薩不爾，故在後論。何故聲聞多近如來？釋有兩義：一聲聞智劣，未閑道法，雖得聖果，進止威儀，常須佛教，是故如來乃至滅度常為制戒；二聲聞眾現蒙佛度，捨凡成聖，荷恩深重，雖得漏盡，常隨供養，故近如來。菩薩兩義，故不近佛：一智解殊勝，深閑道法，不假佛教；二隨感現化，故不近佛。此是第一遠近分別。 > Within the monastic assembly, śrāvakas are listed first, followed by bodhisattvas; this is mostly the case across various sūtras. Why is it so? Generally speaking, there are four explanations: First, distinction by proximity and distance: śrāvakas constantly accompanied the Tathāgata, and since they are explained after the Buddha, they are listed first according to proximity, like the assembly of monks listed above. Bodhisattvas are not like this, so they are discussed later. Why did śrāvakas mostly stay close to the Tathāgata? There are two meanings in the explanation: 1. Śrāvakas have inferior wisdom and are not yet fully conversant with the Dharma of the Way; although they have attained the noble fruition, in their movements and deportment they constantly need the Buddha's instruction, which is why the Tathāgata constantly formulated precepts for them up until his parinirvāṇa. 2. The śrāvaka assembly was visibly saved by the Buddha, abandoning the mundane to become noble, and bore profound gratitude; although they had attained the exhaustion of contaminations, they constantly followed him with offerings, so they stayed close to the Tathāgata. For bodhisattvas, there are two reasons why they did not stay close to the Buddha: 1. Their wisdom and understanding are pre-eminent, and they are deeply conversant with the Dharma of the Way, without need of the Buddha's instruction; 2. They manifest transformations in accordance with responsive needs, so they did not stay close to the Buddha. This is the first distinction, by proximity and distance. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.53) - [Next: 1.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.55) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764~en-mt.1.54) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.54) · Pramāṇa