[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764) › 10.8 # 大般涅槃經義記 10.8 大般涅槃經義記 10.8 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [10.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.10.8) 上來第一總辨其人，下就其人辨退彰住。「不具有二」牒前開後，不具上來信等五事。「增善增惡」列其二名。下辨其相，先明增惡暫出還沒。於中先明增惡之行，「誰是」已下出增惡人，「如大魚」下舉喻以牒。前中，初問、次辨、後結。辨中有二：一增惡因，「三業不淨故增」已下明受惡果。因中有三：一明其人癡慢自高。「是人不見己不具足」是其癡也。「自言具」等，是慢高也。二「是故親」下，親近惡友故增惡法。於中，初明親近惡友，「既近」已下明聞邪法。「聞已喜」下隨聞生著。「起於慢」下習行惡法，起慢煩惱，多行造業。三「因放逸」下親近在家故增惡法。初近在家，次樂聞說在家之事離出家法，「以是因」下正明增惡，「以是因緣增長惡法」明起煩惱，「身等不淨」明造惡業上增惡因。受果可知。前增惡行，下出其人。「誰是」徵問。「謂提婆」等，對問以辨。於中四眾，次第列之。 > The above is the first part, which generally distinguishes these persons; below, with respect to these persons, it distinguishes regression and reveals abiding. "Incompleteness has two kinds" repeats what precedes to open what follows: lacking the above five factors of faith and the rest. "Increasing evil and increasing good" lists the two names. Below, it distinguishes their characteristics, first explaining increasing evil, emerging temporarily and submerging again. Within this, it first explains the practices that increase evil; from "who are they" downward identifies the persons who increase evil; from "like a large fish" downward presents a simile to repeat it. In the former part, there is an initial question, subsequent distinction, and final conclusion. Within the distinction there are two parts: 1. The causes of increasing evil; from "because the three karmas are impure, therefore increasing" downward explains experiencing evil results. Within the causes there are three: First, it explains that the person is foolish, arrogant, and conceited. "This person does not see their own incompleteness" is foolishness. "Claiming that they are complete," etc., is arrogance and conceit. Second, from "therefore drawing near" onward, drawing near to bad friends, therefore evil dharmas increase. Within this, it first explains drawing near to bad friends; from "having drawn near" downward explains hearing wrong teachings; from "having heard, delighting" downward is generating attachment following what was heard; from "giving rise to arrogance" downward is practicing evil dharmas, giving rise to the defilement of arrogance, and largely committing karma. Third, from "due to negligence" onward, drawing near to householders, therefore evil dharmas increase. First drawing near to householders, next delighting in hearing talk of household affairs and departing from the homeless Dharma; from "by this cause" downward directly explains the increase of evil; "by this cause and condition evil dharmas increase" explains giving rise to defilements; "impurity of body and so forth" explains creating evil karma; the above are the causes of increasing evil. Experiencing the result is clear. The preceding is the practice of increasing evil; below it identifies the persons. "Who are they?" is the inquiry. "Namely Devadatta," etc., distinguishes in response to the question. Within this, the four assemblies are enumerated in order. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 10.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.10.7) - [Next: 10.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.10.9) - [Up: 10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.10) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764~en-mt.10.8) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.10.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.10.8) · Pramāṇa