[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764) › 3.22 # 大般涅槃經義記 3.22 大般涅槃經義記 3.22 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [3.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.3.22) 明非喻中有四問答：初迦葉問：「不生不滅是解脫耶？」佛答言是。第二迦葉執喻同法，「若不生滅為解脫者，世間虛空亦無生滅，應是解脫。」佛答不然。三迦葉問：「何故不然？」如來反問：「迦蘭等聲同烏鵲不？」第四迦葉以理正答，如來讚嘆。迦葉答中，「不也」總答。下別顯之，句別有四：初「烏鵲聲比命命等不可為比」，明下劣上；二「迦葉言迦蘭迦」下明上遇下，於中迦葉先明過下，次責如來「無異葶」下顯佛不應；三「佛與空」下約喻顯法；四「迦蘭迦聲可喻佛」下辨喻顯法。迦蘭喻佛，不喻烏鵲，彰其聲妙，以聲妙故用況解脫。不比虛空，佛嘆可知。 > In clarifying non-analogy, there are four questions and answers: First, Kāśyapa asks, "Is non-arising and non-ceasing liberation?" The Buddha answers that it is. Second, Kāśyapa grasps the analogy as identical to the Dharma: "If non-arising and non-ceasing were liberation, then empty space in the world is also without arising and ceasing, so it ought to be liberation." The Buddha answers that it is not so. Third, Kāśyapa asks, "Why is it not so?" The Tathāgata asks in turn, "Is the sound of a kalaviṅka identical to that of a crow or magpie?" Fourth, Kāśyapa replies correctly according to principle, and the Tathāgata praises him. In Kāśyapa's reply, "No" is the general answer. Below he explains it specifically, with four distinct clauses: First, "Comparing the sound of a crow or magpie to a jīvañjīvaka and the like, no comparison can be made," clarifies the inferior not matching the superior. Second, from "Kāśyapa said: A kalaviṅka..." downward, clarifies the superior meeting the inferior; within this, Kāśyapa first clarifies it surpassing the inferior, and next rebukes the Tathāgata, where from "no different..." downward reveals that the Buddha ought not \[to make such a comparison\]. Third, from "The Buddha and empty space..." downward, applies the analogy to reveal the Dharma. Fourth, from "The sound of a kalaviṅka can serve as an analogy for the Buddha..." downward, analyzes the analogy to reveal the Dharma. The kalaviṅka is an analogy for the Buddha, not for crows and magpies, revealing the wondrousness of its voice; because its voice is wondrous, it is used to liken to liberation. Not comparing it to empty space, the Buddha's praise can be understood. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 3.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.3.21) - [Next: 3.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.3.23) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.3) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764~en-mt.3.22) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.3.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.3.22) · Pramāṇa