[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764) › 5.48 # 大般涅槃經義記 5.48 大般涅槃經義記 5.48 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [5.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.5.48) 第五番中，「苦有三相」總以標舉，下列其名。此之三苦，解有四義：一對緣分別，緣別內、外，內心涉求名之為內，自餘名外。外有違、順，刀杖等違；己身、命、財、親戚之類說以為順。外中違緣能生內惱，故名為苦。從斯苦緣生於苦心，從苦生苦，故名為外。外中順緣在能生樂，壞能生苦，緣壞致惱故名為苦。內心涉求因之為行，厭行生惱名為行苦。 > In the fifth section, "suffering has three marks" is a general introduction, and below their names are listed. Regarding these three sufferings, there are four meanings in the explanation: first, distinguished with respect to conditions. Conditions are distinguished into internal and external: the internal mind's involvement and seeking is called internal; the rest is called external. The external includes adverse and favorable: swords, sticks, and the like are adverse; one's own body, life, wealth, relatives, and the like are described as favorable. Adverse conditions among external ones can produce internal affliction, hence they are called suffering. From these painful conditions, a painful state of mind is produced; suffering is produced from suffering, hence it is called external. Favorable conditions among external ones produce pleasure when present, but produce suffering when destroyed; because the destruction of conditions causes affliction, they are called suffering. The internal mind's involvement and seeking acts as conditioning factor, which is activity; revulsion toward activity produces affliction, which is called the suffering of conditioned existence. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 5.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.5.47) - [Next: 5.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.5.49) - [Up: 5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.5) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764~en-mt.5.48) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.5.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.5.48) · Pramāṇa