[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大般涅槃經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767) › 20.4 # 大般涅槃經疏 20.4 大般涅槃經疏 20.4 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [20.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767.20.4) 瑤、亮云：五行是略，十功德廣。一二功德廣聖行，乃至九十功德廣病行。太昌宗云：從初至六廣前三行，主對相應；後四廣後兩，全不相應。光宅云：五行十德體一義異，同是因善。起自外凡終於窮學，感後集果謂之為行、酬前習因謂之功德，是則行因德果。開善云：五行據淺，十德據深。五行始於聞經、終於初地，十德始於初地、終金剛心，故品初則歎不與聲聞辟支佛共，聞者驚怪。第六功德以金心為體。河西云：五行是涅槃因，其趣深遠恐憚不修，故舉十德莊嚴獎勸令學。今皆不然。前兩家以廣略主對。義不相應，如其所說。光宅云習因習果。乃菩薩之位，不關佛乘。開善云行淺德深。文云「第九功德初發，五事悉得成就。」此不應深。聖行以大涅槃心修，嬰兒行云得大涅槃，此那忽淺？河西云是獎勸之語。獎勸則通，何處不勸？研其遺文，不與經會。皆不用之。今依經文「菩薩當修五種之行」，行即是修。文云「菩薩修行大涅槃經得十事功德」，豈非是證？前三聖行各說行果，亦是於證，其文則少；後十功德非不明修，而證文多。其事顯故，判行為修、以德為證。 > \[Zhuang\]yao and \[Seng\]liang state: The five practices are brief, and the ten merits are extensive. The first and second merits broaden the noble practice, up to the ninth and tenth merits broadening the illness practice. Zong of Taichang states: From the first to the sixth, they broaden the preceding three practices, corresponding as primary counterparts; the latter four broaden the latter two, entirely failing to correspond. Guāngzhái states: The five practices and the ten virtues are identical in essence but different in meaning; both are causal goods. Arising from external worldlings and terminating at the exhaustion of study, evoking subsequent aggregate fruits is called 'practice', while repaying previous habitual causes is called 'merit'; thus practice is the cause and virtue is the fruit. Kāishàn states: The five practices are based on the shallow, while the ten virtues are based on the deep. The five practices begin with hearing the sūtra and terminate at the initial bhūmi; the ten virtues begin at the initial bhūmi and terminate at the vajra-mind; therefore the start of the chapter praises that they are not shared with śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas, causing listeners to be astonished. The sixth virtue takes the vajra-mind as its essence. Hexi \[Dharmakṣema\] states: The five practices are the causes of nirvāṇa; because their purport is profound and remote, fearing that people might shrink from cultivating them, he adduces the adornment of the ten virtues to encourage and urge them to study. Now, all these are not so. The former two masters relied on the correspondence of broad and brief, but the meaning does not correspond, as they stated. Guāngzhái speaks of habitual causes and habitual fruits, which pertain to the stages of a bodhisattva and do not concern the Buddha vehicle. Kāishàn states that practice is shallow and virtue is deep; however, the text says: "When the ninth virtue first arises, the five matters are all brought to fulfillment." This should not be deep. The noble practice is cultivated with the mind of great nirvāṇa, and the infant practice says one attains great nirvāṇa; how could this suddenly be shallow? Hexi states that these are words of encouragement. Encouragement is ubiquitous—where would he not offer encouragement? Scrutinizing his surviving words, they do not agree with the sūtra. None of these are accepted. Now, relying on the sūtra text: "A bodhisattva should cultivate five kinds of practice"—practice is precisely cultivation. The text states: "When a bodhisattva cultivates the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, he attains ten matters of merit"—is this not realization? The previous three noble practices each speak of the fruit of practice, which also pertains to realization, but the text there is brief; the subsequent ten merits do not fail to clarify cultivation, yet the passages on realization are extensive. Because this matter is obvious, we determine practice to be cultivation and virtue to be realization. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 20.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767.20.3) - [Next: 20.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767.20.5) - [Up: 20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767.20) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767~en-mt.20.4) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767.20.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1767.20.4) · Pramāṇa