[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [維摩義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776) › 1.57 # 維摩義記 1.57 維摩義記 1.57 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.57) 自下第二，螺髻顯淨。佛雖說淨，無人證見，淨則叵信，故復螺髻顯淨助成。又復舍利穢相未除，須彼螺髻顯淨除遣。文中有四：一、遮呵舍利執穢之心。二、「所以」下，螺髻自申己之所見，明土實淨，成彼不應。三、「舍利言我見此」下，舍利自彰己之所見，明非故違。四、螺髻釋其見穢所由，并解菩薩見淨所以。就初段中，「螺髻梵王」，舉能呵人。「語舍利弗」，告所呵者。「勿作是意謂此不淨」，正是誡辭。自下第二，螺髻自申己之所見，明土實淨。「所以者何」，徵前起後。所以不應謂此佛土不淨者何？「我見已」下，明己所見，彰土實淨，成前不應。「我見土淨如自在宮」，類以顯之。此應名彼中間梵王所居之處為自在宮。何者是其中間梵王？於初禪中，除覺觀在，名中間禪。彼何處住？初禪之中有其三天：一梵輔天、二梵眾天、三大梵天。梵眾梵輔同在一處，民、主之別。大梵即是中間梵王。云何得知？名此大梵為自在天。如經中說，外道所計自在天因是大梵王，彼於千世界統王自在名自在天，此梵住處名自在宮。此即螺髻所居之處，螺髻見土同彼淨矣。理實佛土淨過三界，此亦螺髻隨分見耳。自下第三，舍利自彰己之所見，明非惡心故違說穢。故今說言「我見此土丘陵坑坎棘沙」等。「螺髻言」下是第四段，螺髻釋其見穢所由，并解菩薩見淨所以。解彼舍利見穢所由，令人厭捨；解釋菩薩見淨所以，使人修學。先明舍利見穢所由。「心有高下不依佛慧」，見穢所以。心有高下，明無等悲。於諸眾生分別違順善惡等異，名心高下。不依佛慧，明無深智。於諸法中分別染淨空有等別，障佛深慧，故曰不依。「故見此土為不淨」者，正明見穢。下釋菩薩見淨所由。「於一切生悉皆平等深心清淨」，見淨所以。於生平等，明有等慈，翻前高下。深心清淨，明有妙慧，翻前舍利不依佛慧。「則能見此佛土淨」者，正明見淨，翻前舍利故見不淨。上來第二螺髻顯淨。 > From here below is the second \[section\], in which Śikhin reveals the pure \[land\]. Although the Buddha had spoken of purity, no one had personally witnessed it, so this purity remained difficult to believe; hence Śikhin also revealed the pure \[land\] to assist in confirming it. Furthermore, Śāriputra had not yet eliminated the appearance of defilement, so Śikhin had to reveal the pure \[land\] to dispel it. In the text there are four \[parts\]: first, censuring Śāriputra's mind that clings to defilement; second, from "Why is this?" downward, Śikhin himself states what he has seen, clarifying that the land is truly pure and establishing that \[Śāriputra's thought\] is inappropriate; third, from "Śāriputra said: 'I see this \[land\]...'" downward, Śāriputra himself manifests what he has seen, clarifying that he is not deliberately being perverse; fourth, Śikhin explains the reason why he sees defilement, and also clarifies why bodhisattvas see purity. In the first section, "the Brahmā king Śikhin" introduces the person who can censure. "Said to Śāriputra" indicates the one being censured. "Do not hold this thought, thinking that this \[Buddha-land\] is impure" is the actual admonition. From here below is the second \[part\], where Śikhin himself states what he has seen, clarifying that the land is truly pure. "Why is this?" interrogates what preceded to introduce what follows: why should one not say this Buddha-land is impure? From "I see..." downward, he clarifies what he has seen, revealing that the land is truly pure and establishing the previous \[point of\] inappropriateness. "I see the land pure like the palace of Īśvara" uses an analogy to reveal it. This refers to the dwelling place of the intermediate Brahmā king as the "palace of Īśvara." Who is this intermediate Brahmā king? Within the first dhyāna, when vitarka and vicāra are eliminated, it is called intermediate dhyāna. Where does he dwell? Within the first dhyāna there are three heavens: first, the Brahma-purohita heaven; second, the Brahma-pāriṣadya heaven; third, the Mahābrahmā heaven. Brahma-pāriṣadya and Brahma-purohita are in the same place, distinguished as subjects and sovereign. Mahābrahmā is precisely the intermediate Brahmā king. How is this known? This Mahābrahmā is called Īśvaradeva. As sūtras state, the Īśvaradeva posited by non-Buddhists as the first cause is this Mahābrahmā king; because he rules over a thousand worlds with sovereign mastery (īśvara), he is called Īśvaradeva, and this Brahmā's dwelling place is called the palace of Īśvara. This is precisely where Śikhin dwells, and Śikhin sees the land as equal to that purity. In actual reality, the Buddha-land's purity surpasses the three realms; this is merely Śikhin seeing it according to his own capacity. From here below is the third \[part\], where Śāriputra himself manifests what he has seen, clarifying that he is not speaking of defilement out of an evil mind or deliberate perversity. Thus he now says, "I see this land with mounds, pits, brambles, and sand," and so forth. From "Śikhin said" downward is the fourth section, where Śikhin explains the reason why he sees defilement, and also clarifies why bodhisattvas see purity. Explaining the reason why Śāriputra sees defilement causes people to feel revulsion and abandon it; explaining why bodhisattvas see purity causes people to cultivate and learn it. First, he clarifies the reason why Śāriputra sees defilement. "Your mind has highs and lows, and does not rely on Buddha-wisdom" is the reason for seeing defilement. The mind having highs and lows clarifies that he lacks equanimous compassion; discriminating among sentient beings distinctions such as adverse and agreeable, good and evil, is called the mind having highs and lows. Not relying on Buddha-wisdom clarifies that he lacks deep wisdom; discriminating among all dharmas distinctions such as defiled and pure, empty and existent, which obstructs the Buddha's profound wisdom, is therefore called "not relying." "Therefore you see this land as impure" directly clarifies seeing defilement. Below, he explains the reason why bodhisattvas see purity. "Towards all living beings they are completely equanimous, and their deep mind is pure" is the reason for seeing purity. Being equanimous towards living beings clarifies having equanimous benevolence, overturning the previous "highs and lows." The deep mind being pure clarifies having wondrous wisdom, overturning Śāriputra's earlier "not relying on Buddha-wisdom." "They are then able to see this Buddha-land as pure" directly clarifies seeing purity, overturning Śāriputra's earlier "therefore seeing it as impure." The above is the second \[section\], Śikhin's revealing the pure \[land\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.56) - [Next: 1.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.58) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776~en-mt.1.57) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.57) · Pramāṇa