[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [維摩義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776) › 1.6 # 維摩義記 1.6 維摩義記 1.6 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.6) 聖教雖眾，要唯有二。其二是何？謂聲聞藏及菩薩藏。教聲聞法名聲聞藏，教菩薩法名菩薩藏。聲聞藏中所教有二：一是聲聞聲聞、二緣覺聲聞。聲聞聲聞者，是人本來求聲聞道，常樂觀察四真諦法，成聲聞性。於最後身值佛欲小，如來為說四真諦法而得悟道。本聲聞性故，今復聞聲而得悟道，是故名為聲聞聲聞。經言「為求聲聞者說四真諦」，據斯為論。緣覺聲聞者，是人本來求緣覺道，常樂觀察十二緣法，成緣覺性。於最後身，值佛為說十二緣法而得悟道。本緣覺性，於最後身聞聲悟道，是故名為緣覺聲聞。經言「為求緣覺者說十二緣法」，據此為言。此二雖殊，同期小果，藉教處等，以是義故齊號聲聞。對斯二人所說之法，名聲聞藏。菩薩藏中所教亦二：一是漸入、二是頓悟。言漸入者，是人過去曾習大法，中退住小、後還入大，大從小來謂之為漸。故經說言「除先修習學小乘者，我今亦令入是法中。」此即是其漸入菩薩。言頓悟者，有諸眾生久習大乘相應善根，今始見佛即能入大，大不由小，目之為頓。故經說言「或有眾生，世世已來常受我化，始見我身、聞我所說即皆信受入如來慧。」此是頓悟。漸入菩薩藉淺階遠、頓悟菩薩一越解大，頓漸雖殊，以其當時受大處一，是故對斯二人所說，為菩薩藏。聖教雖眾，不出此二，故龍樹云：「佛滅度後，迦葉、阿難於王舍城結集三藏為聲聞藏，文殊、阿難在鐵圍山集摩訶衍為菩薩藏。」《地持》亦云「佛為聲聞、菩薩行出苦道說修多羅，結集經者集為二藏，以說聲聞所行為聲聞藏、說菩薩所行為菩薩藏。」《地持》復言「十二部經，唯方廣部是菩薩藏，餘十一部是聲聞藏。」故知聖教無出此二。此二亦名大乘小乘、半教滿教等，名雖變改，其義不殊。今此經者，二藏之中菩薩藏收，為根熟人頓教法輪。已知教之分齊。 > Although the holy teachings are numerous, essentially there are only two. What are these two? They are the śrāvaka piṭaka and the bodhisattva piṭaka. Teaching the dharmas of the śrāvakas is called the śrāvaka piṭaka; teaching the dharmas of the bodhisattvas is called the bodhisattva piṭaka. Within what is taught in the śrāvaka piṭaka, there are two kinds: first, the śrāvaka-śrāvaka; second, the pratyekabuddha-śrāvaka. As for the śrāvaka-śrāvaka: this person originally sought the śrāvaka path and constantly delighted in contemplating the dharma of the four noble truths, perfecting the nature of a śrāvaka. In his final existence he encounters the Buddha and desires the lesser; the Tathāgata expounds the dharma of the four noble truths for him, and he attains awakening to the Path. Because his original nature was that of a śrāvaka, now hearing the voice (śabda) again he attains awakening to the Path; therefore he is called a śrāvaka-śrāvaka. The sūtra says: "For those who seek to be śrāvakas, he expounds the four noble truths"; the discourse is based on this. As for the pratyekabuddha-śrāvaka: this person originally sought the pratyekabuddha path and constantly delighted in contemplating the twelve links of dependent origination, perfecting the nature of a pratyekabuddha. In his final existence, he encounters the Buddha expounding the twelve links of dependent origination for him, and he attains awakening to the Path. With the original nature of a pratyekabuddha, in his final existence he hears the voice and awakens to the Path; therefore he is called a pratyekabuddha-śrāvaka. The sūtra says: "For those who seek to be pratyekabuddhas, he expounds the twelve links of dependent origination"; the statement is based on this. Although these two are distinct, their anticipated lesser fruition is the same, and the locus of relying on the teaching is equal; for this reason they are alike designated śrāvakas. The teaching expounded for these two persons is called the śrāvaka piṭaka. Within what is taught in the bodhisattva piṭaka, there are also two kinds: first, gradual entry; second, sudden awakening. As for gradual entry: this person in the past practiced the Great Dharma, but midway regressed and abided in the lesser; later he returned and entered the Great. The Great arising from the lesser is termed gradual. Therefore the sūtra says: "Excepting those who previously practiced and studied the Hīnayāna, I now also cause them to enter into this dharma." This is the bodhisattva of gradual entry. As for sudden awakening: there are sentient beings who have long practiced wholesome roots concordant with the Mahāyāna; upon first seeing the Buddha now, they are immediately able to enter the Great. The Great not originating from the lesser is designated sudden. Therefore the sūtra says: "There are sentient beings who, lifetime after lifetime, have constantly received my teaching; upon first seeing my body and hearing what I expound, they immediately have faith in and accept it, entering the Tathāgata's wisdom." This is sudden awakening. The bodhisattva of gradual entry relies on the shallow to step to the distant; the bodhisattva of sudden awakening in a single leap understands the Great. Although sudden and gradual are distinct, because at that time their locus of receiving the Great is one, what is expounded for these two persons is the bodhisattva piṭaka. Although the holy teachings are numerous, they do not exceed these two. Therefore Nāgārjuna said: "After the Buddha's parinirvāṇa, Kāśyapa and Ānanda compiled the Tripiṭaka at Rājagṛha into the śrāvaka piṭaka; Mañjuśrī and Ānanda compiled the Mahāyāna at the Iron Ring Mountains into the bodhisattva piṭaka." The Bodhisattvabhūmi also says: "The Buddha expounded the sūtras on the path of escaping suffering for the practices of śrāvakas and bodhisattvas; those who compiled the sūtras compiled them into two piṭakas, taking what expounds the practice of śrāvakas as the śrāvaka piṭaka, and what expounds the practice of bodhisattvas as the bodhisattva piṭaka." The Bodhisattvabhūmi further says: "Among the twelve divisions of sūtras, only the vaipulya division is the bodhisattva piṭaka; the remaining eleven divisions are the śrāvaka piṭaka." Thus we know the holy teachings do not exceed these two. These two are also termed Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna, the half-letter teaching and the full-letter teaching, and so on; although the names change, their meanings are not different. Now, this sūtra is subsumed under the bodhisattva piṭaka among the two piṭakas; it is the Dharma wheel of the sudden teaching for people of ripe faculties. The scope of the teaching is thus known. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.5) - [Next: 1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.7) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776~en-mt.1.6) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [大般涅槃經義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1764.1.4) — Classical Chinese - [無量壽經義疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1745.1.2) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1776.1.6) · Pramāṇa