[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [維摩經略疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778) › 1.37 # 維摩經略疏 1.37 維摩經略疏 1.37 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.37) 五、明往生者，為二：一總、二別。一、總約四土明往來者，亦云來生，具如《大品》。從此至彼名為往生，從彼來此名為來生。二土亦然，但橫竪異耳。常寂光土絕於生名，無往來也。應來三土，無應往也。二、別約四土明往生者，為四：一、染淨土明往生者，有穢有淨。若穢土受生，以見思惑，惑潤惡業生四惡趣、惑潤善業則生人天。若明三乘聖人往生，初果斷見，未斷欲思，九品潤生，人天七反。二果三品潤生，欲一往來。三果二界思惟惑潤往生二界；通六地來及別十住并圓五品乃至入信，通惑未盡並類三果，可知皆是實來生同居土。若權來生者，三乘聖人界內惑盡，或從方便土願來，或從果報寂光應來。次明淨土凡夫實生者無四惡趣，但以見思潤善來生人天。聖權實生，類前可知。二、有餘土往生者，三藏二乘、通教三乘、別教十行、圓信後心，長別三界皆實往生。故《勝鬘》云「變易生死者，二乘及大力菩薩三種意生所不能斷」，故生有餘受法性身。 > Fifth, explaining rebirth: it is divided into two: first, general; second, particular. First, explaining coming and going generally in terms of the four lands: it is also called 'coming to be born', as fully \[explained\] in the Dàpǐn. Going from here to there is called 'going to be born' (rebirth), and coming from there to here is called 'coming to be born'. The two lands are also like this, differing only in being horizontal or vertical. The Land of Eternal Silent Light transcends the name 'birth'; there is no going or coming. There is responsive coming to the three lands, but no responsive going. Second, explaining rebirth particularly in terms of the four lands: there are four: 1. Explaining rebirth in the defiled and pure lands: there are impure and pure. If taking birth in an impure land, by means of the delusions of views and thoughts—where delusion moistens bad karma, one is born in the four bad destinies; where delusion moistens good karma, one is born as a human or deva. If explaining the rebirth of sages of the three vehicles: \[those at\] the first fruit have severed \[the delusions of\] views but not severed desire-realm thoughts; the nine grades moisten birth, with seven returns among humans and devas. \[Those at\] the second fruit have three grades moistening birth, with one coming and going in the desire realm. \[Those at\] the third fruit have the thought delusions of the two realms moistening rebirth into the two realms. Those from the sixth ground of the shared \[teaching\] onwards, the ten abodes of the separate \[teaching\], and the five grades of the perfect \[teaching\] up to entering faith, have not yet exhausted the shared delusions and are all analogous to the third fruit; it can be known that these are all real comings to be born in the land of common residence. If they come to be born provisionally: sages of the three vehicles who have exhausted delusions within the realms either come by vow from the expedient land, or come responsively from fruition retribution or Silent Light. Next, explaining ordinary beings really born in the pure land: there are no four bad destinies; merely by delusions of views and thoughts moistening the good, they come to be born as humans or devas. Sages born provisionally or really can be known by analogy with the above. 2. Rebirth in the land with remainder: the two vehicles of the Tripiṭaka, the three vehicles of the shared teaching, the ten practices of the separate teaching, and the final mind of the faith \[stages\] of the perfect \[teaching\], forever departing the three realms, are all really reborn \[there\]. Therefore the Śrīmālā sūtra states: 'Inconceivable transformation-death cannot be severed by the two vehicles or by the three kinds of mind-made \[bodies\] of bodhisattvas of great power'; hence they are born in \[the land with\] remainder and receive a body of dharma-nature. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.36) - [Next: 1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.38) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778~en-mt.1.37) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.37) · Pramāṇa