[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [維摩經略疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778) › 1.95 # 維摩經略疏 1.95 維摩經略疏 1.95 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.95) 一、明聲聞眾者，初明比丘，即是通語。人類多種，如胡越不同；佛法出家，皆名比丘。釋此為五：一與、二大、三比丘、四眾、五數。一、釋「與」者，此經云與，大品云共，與即是共。《大論》辨七一明共，所謂一處、一時、一戒、一心、一見、一道、一解脫。若釋《法華》，須約本迹。今經既未發迹，但因緣事解觀行而已。一處者，同在菴園。一時者，一會之時。一戒者，同得無作。一心者，俱得九定。一見者，俱見四諦。一道者，悉得無學。一解脫者，俱證有餘。二釋「大」者，若依梵本應云摩訶。《大論》云「摩訶，或云大、或云勝、或云多。」大王所敬，故名為大。勝九十六種，故名為勝。數至八千，故名為多。今明外道有三種：一一切智、二神通、三韋陀。具此三種，名大外道。佛對破此，故於三藏說三念處，謂性、共、緣。能修此三，非但止破三種外道，得入性地證果之時成三解脫，謂慧得好解脫、心得好解脫及得無礙解脫，名大比丘、名大羅漢。若別對者，得慧名大、得心名勝、得無礙名多，三種具足名波羅蜜。聲聞成就一切羅漢功德，故名為大。 > First, clarifying the śrāvaka assembly: first, clarifying "monks" (bhikṣu), which is a general term. Human beings are of many kinds, just as the northern barbarians and the Yueh differ; those who leave home in the Buddha's Dharma are all called bhikṣus. This is explained in five parts: first, "with"; second, "great"; third, "monk"; fourth, "assembly"; fifth, "number". First, explaining "with" (yǔ): this sūtra says yǔ; the Dàpǐn says gòng ("together"); yǔ is simply gòng. The Dàzhìdù lùn distinguishes the "seven unities" to explain "together", namely: one place, one time, one precept, one mind, one view, one path, and one liberation. If interpreting the Lotus Sūtra, one must base it on the root and traces. Since the present sūtra has not yet revealed the traces, it is explained merely through causes and conditions, events, and contemplation practice. "One place" means being together in the Āmrapālī Grove. "One time" means the time of this single assembly. "One precept" means together attaining the unmanifest \[precept\]. "One mind" means together attaining the nine absorptions. "One view" means together seeing the four truths. "One path" means all attaining the stage of non-learning (aśaikṣa). "One liberation" means together realizing \[nirvāṇa\] with residue. Second, explaining "great" (dà): according to the Sanskrit text, it should be mahā. The Dàzhìdù lùn says: "Mahā is sometimes called great, sometimes superior, and sometimes numerous." Being respected by great kings, they are called "great". Surpassing the ninety-six kinds \[of non-Buddhists\], they are called "superior". Their number reaching eight thousand, they are called "numerous". Now, to clarify: non-Buddhists are of three kinds: first, omniscience; second, supernatural powers; third, the Vedas. Possessing these three, they are called great non-Buddhists. To counter and refute them, the Buddha taught three applications of mindfulness in the Tripiṭaka, namely: in nature, in common, and with conditions. Being able to cultivate these three not only refutes the three kinds of non-Buddhists, but upon entering the stage of nature and realizing the fruit, one accomplishes the three liberations, namely: good liberation attained by wisdom, good liberation attained by mind, and unobstructed liberation; thus they are called great monks and great arhats. If individually matched: attaining wisdom is called great; attaining mind is called superior; attaining unobstructedness is called numerous. Fully possessing all three is called pāramitā. Because the śrāvakas accomplish all the virtues of an arhat, they are called "great". > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.94) - [Next: 1.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.96) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778~en-mt.1.95) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.95) · Pramāṇa