[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [注大乘入楞伽經](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791) › 4.86 # 注大乘入楞伽經 4.86 注大乘入楞伽經 4.86 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [4.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791.4.86) 言三種量者：一曰現量、二曰比量、三曰聖言量。量者是楷定義，譬夫升斗量物也。現量者，現即顯現，謂分明證境，不帶名言，無籌度心，親得法體，離妄分別，而非錯謬。比量者，比即比類，謂以因由譬喻，比類量度而得知故。如遠見煙必知有火、隔牆見角必知是牛，雖不親見，亦非虛妄。聖言量者，謂以如來聖教為準繩故。故古德曰：吾佛滅後，以經論為繩墨、知識為指南，以防閑魔外是也。 > Regarding the three kinds of valid cognition (pramāṇa): the first is direct perception (pratyakṣa), the second is inference (anumāna), and the third is noble testimony (śabdapramāṇa). A 'pramāṇa' has the meaning of standard definition, like using pecks and bushels to measure things. As for direct perception: 'direct' means manifest; it refers to clearly experiencing an object without entangling names or words, without a calculating mind, directly obtaining the essence of the dharma, free from false discrimination, and without error. As for inference: 'inference' means comparison; it refers to coming to know by inferring and measuring through reasons and analogies. For instance, seeing smoke in the distance one inevitably knows there is fire, and seeing horns across a wall one inevitably knows there is an ox; though not directly seen, it is also not false. As for noble testimony: it means taking the Tathāgata's noble teaching as the guiding standard. Therefore an ancient worthy said: 'After our Buddha passed away, the sūtras and treatises serve as the carpenter's line and good friends as the compass, in order to guard against Māra and non-Buddhists.' This is what it means. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 4.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791.4.85) - [Next: 4.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791.4.87) - [Up: 4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791.4) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791~en-mt.4.86) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791.4.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1791.4.86) · Pramāṇa