[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [首楞嚴義疏注經](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799) › 8.38 # 首楞嚴義疏注經 8.38 首楞嚴義疏注經 8.38 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [8.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799.8.38) 比丘四重，尼復加四，謂觸八覆隨，故云八棄。梵云波羅夷，此云棄，謂犯此者永棄佛法邊外，猶如死屍大海不受，故名為棄。入大乘道而先學小者，《十輪經》說「若不先學小乘即學大乘，無有是處。」乃至云「無力飲河池，詎能吞大海？是故一切菩薩皆先學三乘，唯不究竟證於小耳。」 > "The bhikṣu has four grave \[precepts\]; the bhikṣuṇī adds another four, namely contact, eight \[factors of consensual touch\], concealing, and following, hence they are called the eight defeats. In Sanskrit it is pārājika, translated here as defeat; it means that one who violates this is forever cast out beyond the boundaries of the Buddha's Dharma, just like a corpse is not retained by the great ocean, hence it is named 'defeat'. Concerning entering the Mahāyāna path yet first studying the Hīnayāna, the Daśacakra Sūtra states: 'If one does not first study the Hīnayāna and instead studies the Mahāyāna, there is no such possibility.' It further states: 'If one lacks the capacity to drink from a river or a pool, how could one swallow the great ocean? Therefore, all bodhisattvas first study the three vehicles; they merely do not attain ultimate realization in the small.'" > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 8.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799.8.37) - [Next: 8.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799.8.39) - [Up: 8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799.8) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799~en-mt.8.38) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799.8.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1799.8.38) · Pramāṇa