[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804) › 1.531 # 四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.531 四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.531 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.531](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804.1.531) 初中，《四分律》取具二五法者，謂不愛、恚、怖、癡、知自恣不自恣，此名自恣五德。律文又差知時不以非時、如實不以虛妄、利益不以損減、柔耎不以麁獷、慈心不以瞋恚，此謂舉罪五德。意令和合無諍，有罪非謬；欲使前人懺悔清淨，美德外彰；故能勸喻，離於懷惱；愍物與樂，不欲非法故。所以差二人者，《四分》文不了；《十誦》、《僧祇》中，並差二人為法；《五分》中，二人已上，乃至多人（謂僧多故，更互息作）；《三千威儀》云：要差二人，為僧自恣竟，自相向出罪，不得求餘人自恣，以餘人僧不差故。今行事者，多有人人別差，此未通諸部。又差年少輕揵者，多不生善，《十誦》、《僧祇》多差上座有德者，令下座來向上座自恣也！ > In the first, the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya selects those possessing two sets of five qualities: namely, absence of affection, malice, fear, delusion, and knowing what is pravāraṇā and what is not pravāraṇā; these are called the five virtues of pravāraṇā. The Vinaya text also appoints those who know the proper time and not the improper time, speak truthfully and not falsely, speak for benefit and not harm, speak gently and not harshly, and have a compassionate mind and not wrath; these are called the five virtues of pointing out offenses. The intention is to make the assembly harmonious and free of dispute, and ensure offenses are not falsely attributed; wishing to bring the other person to repent and be pure, with their fine virtues manifested outwardly; hence being able to admonish and guide, free from harboring resentment; showing pity to beings and granting joy, not desiring what is un-Dharmic. As for why two persons are appointed, the Dharmaguptaka text is not clear; in both the Daśādhyāya-vinaya and the Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya, two persons are appointed for the rite; in the Pañcavargika-vinaya, two persons or more, up to many persons (meaning because the saṃgha is large, they take turns resting and serving); The Three Thousand Deportments says: "It is necessary to appoint two persons; after holding pravāraṇā for the saṃgha, they turn to each other to disclose offenses; they may not seek other persons for pravāraṇā, because the saṃgha did not appoint the others." Nowadays, among practitioners, many appoint each person individually; this has not yet comprehended the various Vinayas. Furthermore, appointing young and flippant persons mostly fails to engender good; the Daśādhyāya-vinaya and the Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya mostly appoint virtuous elders (sthavira), having the juniors come before the elders to hold pravāraṇā! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.530](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804.1.530) - [Next: 1.532](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804.1.532) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804~en-mt.1.531) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804.1.531](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1804.1.531) · Pramāṇa