[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [四分律行事鈔資持記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805) › 2.1316 # 四分律行事鈔資持記 2.1316 四分律行事鈔資持記 2.1316 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.1316](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805.2.1316) 今算中。初明退法。此長者，指上五月一日也。約實者，謂用此虛月還填令實，則有四月三十日。準《戒疏》出填補法，則有四月十八日；彼云：就五月中七大布薩減取七日（二大月得四日，三小月得三日。），又減閏餘弱得五日（四月十八日中有二小盡得二日，并每月餘二十八半分，即十四分；四月十八日共得六十五分；將六十四分為二日，共得四日零一分；今總開前為一百二十九分。將為五日，本三十二分為一日，今始成二十六分，故云弱也。今鈔但還四日，不取弱得。），又減頻大弱得半日（以八箇月方得半日，今四月十八日取半日，故云弱也；今鈔不還此日，以不成半日故。），總計所減弱得十三日，減前五月一日，就實唯四月十八日；準此年暮日生滿十九者，八月十二日應預得受；若除頻大，則八月二十六日得受。今鈔閏還四日，頻大不還，則但虛增十一日；五月一日還十一日，豈非四月二十日實也。退減者，謂於十八年二日內退除四月二十日；故至八月九日後受者，即當十日，已滿二十矣。然於下細算，猶少二日，故疏中約弱得多填兩日，由閏與頻大皆沾少分，故深取所退成滿所增故也。然自古章記，不出今師算法；後學多迷，不免繁重，故略出之。今師約年月俱不滿者，開算此年；十九者，前臘月盡日當一年，實唯十七年七箇月零十一日，還約四位明之。初胎法者，九月四日足前成十八年四月十五日。二閏者，十九為章，一章七閏，計十八年四月十五日，猶少七月十五日，則不滿一章；應得六月二十三日，將此足前，成十八年十一月八日也。三頻大者，展前成二百二十七月零八日，四十九月為章，一章有三日；用一百九十六月為四章，得十二日；除三十一月零八日，應得二日，共十四日，足前成十八年十一月二十二日。四布薩者，十八年十一月抽得三百四十日，將三百三十六日為一年，添成十九年餘四日；添前十一月二十二日，成二十六日；約二十八日為月，則少二日在。《戒疏》至十二日方得，則於今鈔十日外更加二日，恰成一月，方得滿足二十年也。今則以疏為定。然此算法，連代共迷；講師至此，謬妄最甚；學者聽之，但增昏悶。故特委曲，勿謂繁長。至於詳細，卒書何盡，故且削之。 > In \[the explanation of\] the present calculation: First, explaining the method of subtraction. "This excess" refers to the aforementioned five months and one day. "According to reality" means using these intercalary months to fill in and make \[the count\] real, which gives four months and thirty days. According to the method of filling in and supplementing set forth in the Precept Commentary, it is four months and eighteen days. That text says: Within the five months, taking away seven days from seven large poṣadhas (two large months yield four days, three small months yield three days); further subtracting slightly under five days for the intercalary remainder (in four months and eighteen days there are two complete small months yielding two days, along with twenty-eight and a half parts remaining in each month, which is fourteen parts; four months and eighteen days together yield sixty-five parts; taking sixty-four parts as two days, these together yield four days and one part; now altogether opening the preceding gives one hundred and twenty-nine parts. Taking this as five days, originally thirty-two parts made one day, whereas now it only reaches twenty-six parts, hence it is called "slightly under"). The present Transactions Manual merely refunds four days and does not take the "slightly under". Furthermore, subtracting slightly under half a day for consecutive large months (since it takes eight months to yield half a day, now taking half a day for four months and eighteen days is therefore called "slightly under"; the present Transactions Manual does not refund this day, because it does not make half a day). The total subtracted is slightly under thirteen days; subtracting this from the preceding five months and one day, in reality it is only four months and eighteen days. According to this, for one born on the last day of the year who has completed nineteen years, on the twelfth day of the eighth month they should be permitted to receive \[the precepts\] in advance; if consecutive large months are excluded, they may receive them on the twenty-sixth day of the eighth month. Now the Transactions Manual refunds four days for intercalation and does not refund consecutive large months; thus there are only eleven days of artificial increase. If eleven days are refunded from five months and one day, is this not realistically four months and twenty days? "Subtracting" means subtracting four months and twenty days from eighteen years and two days; therefore, one who receives \[the precepts\] after the ninth day of the eighth month—that is, on the tenth day—has already completed twenty years. However, in the fine calculation below, two days are still lacking; hence in the Commentary, two more days are filled in based on the "slightly under", because both the intercalations and the consecutive large months share a small fraction, thus taking in depth what is subtracted to fulfill what is added. However, since antiquity the commentaries have not set forth our master's method of calculation; later students were mostly confused, and it inevitably became cumbersome, so it is briefly set forth here. Our master, regarding the case where both the year and the months are incomplete, permits the calculation of this year: nineteen \[years\], with the last day of the preceding twelfth month counting as one year, is in reality only seventeen years, seven months, and eleven days, which is again explained according to the four positions. First, the gestation method: nine months and four days added to the preceding completes eighteen years, four months, and fifteen days. Second, intercalation: nineteen \[years\] make an epoch, with seven intercalations in one epoch; calculating eighteen years, four months, and fifteen days, there are still seven months and fifteen days lacking, so it does not fill one epoch; one should obtain six months and twenty-three days, and adding this to the preceding makes eighteen years, eleven months, and eight days. Third, consecutive large months: expanding the preceding makes two hundred and twenty-seven months and eight days; forty-nine months make an epoch, and one epoch has three days; using one hundred and ninety-six months as four epochs gives twelve days; excluding thirty-one months and eight days, one should obtain two days, totaling fourteen days; adding this to the preceding makes eighteen years, eleven months, and twenty-two days. Fourth, poṣadha: from eighteen years and eleven months, three hundred and forty days are extracted; taking three hundred and thirty-six days as one year, this adds to nineteen years with four days remaining; adding this to the preceding eleventh month and twenty-second day makes twenty-six days; taking twenty-eight days as a month, two days are still lacking. The Precept Commentary arrives at the twelfth day before it is attained, which adds two days beyond the tenth day in the present Transactions Manual, precisely completing one month, only then fulfilling twenty years. Now we take the Commentary as authoritative. Yet this method of calculation has confused successive generations; when lecturers come to this, their errors are most egregious, and students who hear it only become more perplexed. Therefore, it has been explained in special detail; do not consider it overly elaborate. As for the minute particulars, how could they all be written down at once? Thus they are omitted for now. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.1315](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805.2.1315) - [Next: 2.1317](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805.2.1317) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805~en-mt.2.1316) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805.2.1316](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1805.2.1316) · Pramāṇa