[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [菩薩戒義疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811) › 2.3 # 菩薩戒義疏 2.3 菩薩戒義疏 2.3 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811.2.3) 第一、殺戒，十重之始。若聲聞，非梵行在初者，人多起過故，地繫煩惱重故制之。殺雖性罪，出家人起此罪希，亦易防斷，婬既易起，制之當初。《大論》云：聲聞戒消息人情，多防起邊。所以輕者多起，是故重制；重者起希，輕罪制之。婬欲非性罪，殺是性罪，大乘制之當初也。今言殺，斷他命故。五陰相續有眾生，而今斷此相續，故云殺也。《大經》云：遮未來相續名之為殺。道俗同制，如五戒八戒之類也。大士以慈悲為本，故須斷也。七眾菩薩同犯，聲聞五眾大同小異，同者同不許殺，異者略三事：一、開遮異；二、色心異；三、輕重異。開遮異者，大士見機得殺，聲聞雖見不許殺。色心異者，大士制心，聲聞制色。三、輕重異者，大士害師犯逆，聲聞非逆。又大士重，重於聲聞重也。 > First is the precept against killing, the beginning of the ten major \[precepts\]. In the case of the śrāvakas, unchaste conduct is placed first because people frequently commit faults regarding it and because its realm-bound afflictions are heavy; therefore, it was prohibited first. Although killing is an inherent offense, renouncers commit this offense rarely, and it is also easy to prevent and cut off. Since sexual desire arises easily, prohibiting it is placed at the very beginning. The Dàzhìdù lùn states that the śrāvaka precepts accommodate human sentiments and largely guard against the side that arises easily. Therefore, that which is minor yet arises often is prohibited with gravity; that which is grave yet arises rarely is prohibited with minor offenses. Sexual desire is not an inherent offense, whereas killing is an inherent offense; thus the Mahāyāna prohibits it at the very beginning. Now, killing means severing the life of another. A sentient being exists as the continuum of the five aggregates; to cut off this continuum now is called killing. The Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra states: “Obstructing future continuity is called killing.” It is instituted equally for monastic and lay, like the five precepts and eight precepts. The mahāsattva takes loving-kindness and compassion as the foundation, and therefore it must be severed. The seven assemblies of bodhisattvas all equally commit the infraction. Between them and the five assemblies of śrāvakas there are broad similarities and minor differences: the similarity is that neither permits killing; the differences broadly comprise three matters. First, differences in allowance and prohibition: a mahāsattva, seeing the right occasion, may kill, whereas a śrāvaka, even seeing \[the occasion\], is not permitted to kill. Second, differences regarding form and mind: the mahāsattva regulates the mind, whereas the śrāvaka regulates physical form. Third, differences in gravity: for a mahāsattva to harm a teacher incurs an anantarya offense, whereas for a śrāvaka it is not an anantarya. Moreover, the gravity of the mahāsattva's \[precept\] is graver than the gravity of the śrāvaka's. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811.2.2) - [Next: 2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811.2.4) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811~en-mt.2.3) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1811.2.3) · Pramāṇa