[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [菩薩戒本疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814) › 1.42 # 菩薩戒本疏 1.42 菩薩戒本疏 1.42 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814.1.42) 就文有三：一、標人，即「佛子」也。未受菩薩戒，非此所制故。如聲聞戒，若比丘例。二、敘犯事，「若自殺業」是；三、結罪名，「是菩薩波羅夷罪」也。敘犯事中又三：一、舉不應制不得作，二、「是菩薩」下舉所應教令常作，三、「而自恣心」下還舉不應成犯事也。初不應中又三：初六句明犯事，次四句辨犯成，後「乃至一切有命」者，古判舉輕況重，今謂結犯分齊也。就犯事中，初二易了。「方便殺」者，如倚撥與藥等。「讚嘆殺」者，由我讚嘆前人死也。「見作隨喜」者，由我隨喜前人死也。「乃至呪殺」者，謂毘陀羅等呪，由誦此呪前人被死。殺事多種，略餘取此，故云乃至。如墮胎、安腹、遣使、重使等，其類非一。就成犯中，「殺業」者，於三業中隨由一業成殺事也。「殺法」者，謂殺方法，或刀斫或箭射等。「殺因」者，謂因等起心。「殺緣」者，謂事、想、欲樂、煩惱、方便。如上所說，應事易了。還舉不應中，「自恣心」者，於佛所制，無所顧憚，縱自愚情，隨緣造作。「快意殺生」者，於內無迷謬，於外無逼切，以了了心，行殺生也。結罪名中，「波羅夷」者，此云墮不如意處，亦云他勝處。出家受戒，本為制魔，然由犯戒，墮在不如之處，故云墮不如處。彼勝我負，故云他勝處。 > Regarding the text, there are three parts: First, identifying the person, namely "disciples of the Buddha." Those who have not received the bodhisattva precepts are not governed by this; it is like the example of "if a bhikṣu" in the śrāvaka precepts. Second, describing the offense, which is "if one commits the karma of killing oneself." Third, concluding with the name of the crime, which is "this is a bodhisattva's parājika crime." In describing the offense, there are again three parts: 1. Stating what should not be done and proscribing it from being done; 2. From "this bodhisattva" onward, stating what ought to be done and instructing them to always do it; 3. From "yet with an uncontrolled mind" onward, returning to state the improper act that constitutes an offense. In the first part on what should not be done, there are again three: the first six phrases clarify the acts of offense; the next four phrases distinguish the establishment of the offense; the subsequent phrase "down to all that have life" was judged by the ancients as citing the light to illustrate the grave, but we now consider it to demarcate the bounds of the offense. Within the acts of offense, the first two are easy to understand. "Killing through expedient means" refers to providing weapons, giving poison, and so forth. "Killing by praising" means the other person's death occurs through my praise. "Rejoicing upon seeing it done" means the other person's death occurs through my rejoicing. "Down to killing by mantra" refers to mantras such as vetāla, through reciting which the other person is killed. There are many kinds of acts of killing; omitting the rest and taking these, it says "down to." Such as aborting an embryo, placing \[it\] in the womb, sending a messenger, sending repeated messengers, and so forth, their categories are not one. In establishing the offense: "karma of killing" means achieving the act of killing through any one among the three karmas. "Methods of killing" refers to the methods of killing, such as striking with a sword or shooting with an arrow. "Causes of killing" refers to the mind of origin and the like. "Conditions of killing" refers to the basis, perception, desire-enjoyment, defilement, and application. As explained above, applying them to the matter is easy to understand. In returning to state what should not be done: "an uncontrolled mind" means having no dread or restraint toward the Buddha's prohibitions, indulging one's own foolish passions, and acting according to circumstances. "Killing living beings with a gratified mind" means having no confusion or error internally, having no duress externally, and carrying out the killing of living beings with a clear and fully conscious mind. In concluding with the name of the crime: "pārājika" is translated here as "falling into an undesirable place," and also as "defeat by others." Leaving home and receiving the precepts is originally to subdue Māra, but due to violating the precepts, one falls into an inferior place, hence it is said to "fall into an inferior place." The other is victorious and I am defeated, hence it is called "defeat by others." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814.1.41) - [Next: 1.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814.1.43) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814~en-mt.1.42) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814.1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1814.1.42) · Pramāṇa