[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [俱舍論疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822) › 1.3 # 俱舍論疏 1.3 俱舍論疏 1.3 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.1.3) 一、會初轉法輪時者，於中有四：一定成道日、二定轉法輪日、三述中間事別、四會說不同。一、定成道日者，依《長阿含經》第四云「八日如來生，八日佛出家，八日成菩提，八日取滅度。」次文云「二月如來生，二月佛出家，二月成菩提，二月取涅槃。」又《灌佛經》云「佛告諸天人：『十方諸佛皆用四月八日夜半時生，皆用四月八日夜半時出家，皆用四月八日夜半時成道，皆用四月八日夜半時而般涅槃。』」諸經八日皆同，說月有異，唯二、四別，不言餘月。准上二說，說雖有異，成道月日即是同也。所以得知，略有二理：一以立正異故。婆羅門國以建子立正，此方先時以建寅立正，建子四月即建寅二月，故存梵本者而言四月，依此方者即云二月，根本一也。二准《智論》及《婆沙》計，梵王請前五十七日，四月調根兼觀機等總有六月，即是二月八日成道。至八月八日轉法輪定，如下引文。以此故知，二月八日成道為定，去八月八日有六月故。若是四月八日，即無六月。去轉法輪四月，無文證故。又釋律論云「佛與五比丘，四月十六日結前安居。」安居去四月八日唯有九日，即與《法華》、《智論》、《毘婆》沙等眾多經論日月相違。准此故知，二月八日成道為定。問：若爾，何故《菩薩處胎經》云「二月八日成道，二月八日轉法輪，二月八日降魔，二月八日般涅槃。」答：此有二釋。一《處胎經》說菩薩處胎亦轉法輪，此為蜜眾，非為顯眾也。成道之日即轉法輪，義亦准此。今言為五比丘轉法輪日，諸說不同，非是蜜眾。二諸經中錯二月為四月者，由建正不同，已如前釋。錯八月為二月、四月者，以迦栗底迦是八月卯星之名，二月又是建卯地之月。星、地詮別，卯名同也。若知迦栗底迦是酉地之卯翻為八月，若謂迦栗底迦是震地之卯，翻為二月、四月，由此轉法輪等日有二、四、八不同，般涅槃日八、四、二月之異。詳多教理，度五比丘八月為定。會涅槃日，如別章釋。 > 1. As for harmonising the time of the first dharmacakrapravartana, within this there are four points: first, determining the day of abhisambodhi; second, determining the day of the dharmacakrapravartana; third, recounting the differences in intermediate events; fourth, harmonising the differing accounts. First, determining the day of abhisambodhi: According to the fourth fascicle of the Dīrghāgama, it says: 'On the eighth day the Tathāgata was born; on the eighth day the Buddha went forth; on the eighth day he attained bodhi; on the eighth day he entered extinction.' The subsequent passage says: 'In the second month the Tathāgata was born; in the second month the Buddha went forth; in the second month he attained bodhi; in the second month he entered nirvāṇa.' Furthermore, the Guanfo jing says: 'The Buddha told all the devas and humans: "All the Buddhas of the ten directions are born at midnight on the eighth day of the fourth month; all go forth at midnight on the eighth day of the fourth month; all achieve abhisambodhi at midnight on the eighth day of the fourth month; all enter parinirvāṇa at midnight on the eighth day of the fourth month."' The sūtras all agree on the eighth day; their statements regarding the month differ, with only the distinction between the second and fourth \[months\], and they mention no other month. Following the two explanations above, although their statements differ, the month and day of abhisambodhi are in fact identical. The reason this is known is briefly due to two principles: First, because of differences in establishing the first month of the year. The Brahmin lands establish the first month with the zi stem, whereas in this land in former times the first month was established with the yin stem. The fourth month of the zi system is the second month of the yin system. Therefore, those that preserve the Sanskrit text say the fourth month, while those relying on this land say the second month; their root is one. Second, calculating according to the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa and the Vibhāṣā: before Brahmā's entreaty there were fifty-seven days, and \[together with\] the four months of taming the faculties and examining capacities, etc., there are altogether six months. Thus, abhisambodhi was on the eighth day of the second month, and the dharmacakrapravartana definitely took place on the eighth day of the eighth month, as cited in the texts below. By this we know that abhisambodhi definitely occurred on the eighth day of the second month, because between it and the eighth day of the eighth month there are six months. If it were the eighth day of the fourth month, there would not be six months; for there are no textual proofs for four months between it and the dharmacakrapravartana. Furthermore, the Vinaya commentary says: 'The Buddha and the pañcaka bhikṣavaḥ began the earlier varṣā on the sixteenth day of the fourth month.' Between the eighth day of the fourth month and the varṣā there are only nine days, which contradicts the months and days in numerous sūtras and śāstras such as the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka, the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa, and the Vibhāṣā. Following this, we therefore know that abhisambodhi definitely took place on the eighth day of the second month. Question: If so, why does the Pusa chutai jing say: 'On the eighth day of the second month he achieved abhisambodhi; on the eighth day of the second month he turned the dharmacakra; on the eighth day of the second month he subdued Māra; on the eighth day of the second month he entered parinirvāṇa'? Answer: There are two explanations for this. First, the Chutai jing explains that when the Bodhisattva dwelt in the womb he also turned the dharmacakra; this was for the esoteric assembly, not for the exoteric assembly. That the dharmacakra was turned on the very day of abhisambodhi is also to be understood in this sense. What is spoken of now is the day on which the dharmacakra was turned for the pañcaka bhikṣavaḥ; the various explanations differ, and this was not for the esoteric assembly. Second, the error in various sūtras of mistaking the second month for the fourth month is due to differences in establishing the first month of the year, as already explained above. The mistaking of the eighth month for the second or fourth month is because Kārttika is the name of the constellation mao in the eighth month, and the second month is also the month of the branch mao. While the constellation and earthly branch describe different things, the name mao is identical. If one knows that Kārttika corresponds to the mao of the you quadrant, it is translated as the eighth month; if one takes Kārttika to be the mao of the zhen quadrant, it is translated as the second or fourth month. Due to this, the days of the dharmacakrapravartana, etc., differ between the second, fourth, and eighth months, and the day of parinirvāṇa varies among the eighth, fourth, and second months. Examining the majority of scriptural teachings and reason, the conversion of the pañcaka bhikṣavaḥ was definitely in the eighth month. The harmonisation of the day of nirvāṇa is as explained in a separate chapter. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.1.2) - [Next: 1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.1.4) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822~en-mt.1.3) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.1.3) · Pramāṇa