[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [俱舍論疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822) › 16.49 # 俱舍論疏 16.49 俱舍論疏 16.49 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [16.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.16.49) 論「意善業道至謂諸善思」，釋意業道。《婆沙》一百一十二，引《集異門》及《施設論》「問：為身三惡行攝一切身惡行？為一切身惡行攝身三惡行耶？答：一切攝三，非三攝一切。不攝者何？謂非斷命，以手杖等捶擊有情，及非邪行，於所應行作不淨行，起飲酒等諸放逸業，由不正知、失念受用諸飲食等，及不能避諸犯戒者。諸如是等所起身業，非三所攝。問：諸犯戒者無量，云何能避？雖復捨此，還近彼故。答：所在皆有，欲離實難，能不隨染是為真避。故有說言：身雖在遠而隨彼習即名親近，身雖在近不隨彼習即名遠離。問：為語四惡行攝一切語惡行？為一切攝四？答：一切攝四，非四攝一切。謂如有一獨處空閑，作如是說：無有惠施、無有親愛、無有祠祀如是等語惡行；世間有情不生領解，非四所攝。問：為意三惡行攝一切意惡行？為一切意惡行攝意三惡行耶？乃至不攝者何？謂貪欲、瞋恚、邪見俱生受、想、行、識、非三所攝。」彼論中意惡行攝四蘊自性，如是施設五蘊自性為諸惡行。問：何故名惡行？惡行有何義？答：可厭毀故名惡，遊履依處故名行，可厭毀故名惡者。如有說言惡妻子、惡衣食等。遊履依處故名行者，謂如斷生命、麁惡語、瞋恚行有情處等。意善業道於意妙行不攝一分，謂諸善思，即無彰無貪等。應更檢文。有人三解未有一當。 > On the text, "The wholesome mental courses of karma \[...\] refers to all wholesome volitions": This explains mental courses of karma. The \*Vibhāṣā\*, fascicle 112, citing the \*Saṅgītiparyāya\* and the \*Prajñaptiśāstra\*, says: "Question: Do the three bodily misdeeds subsume all bodily misdeeds? Or do all bodily misdeeds subsume the three bodily misdeeds? Answer: All subsumes the three; the three do not subsume all. What is not subsumed? It refers to beating sentient beings with hands, sticks, etc., without taking life; engaging in impure conduct with those with whom one ought to engage, which is not sexual misconduct; initiating heedless karmas such as drinking alcohol; consuming food and drink with non-proper knowledge and loss of mindfulness; and failing to avoid those who break the precepts. Such bodily karmas arising from these are not subsumed by the three. Question: Precept-breakers are boundless; how can one avoid them? Even if one abandons this one, one still nears that one. Answer: They are everywhere; wishing to be free of them is indeed difficult, but being able not to follow their defilement is true avoidance. Therefore it is said: Even if the body is far away, if one follows their habits, that is called being close; even if the body is near, if one does not follow their habits, that is called abstention. Question: Do the four vocal misdeeds subsume all vocal misdeeds? Or does all subsume the four? Answer: All subsumes the four; the four do not subsume all. It refers to when someone dwelling alone in a quiet place speaks thus: 'There is no giving, there is no affection, there is no sacrifice'—such vocal misdeeds are not understood by sentient beings in the world, and are not subsumed by the four. Question: Do the three mental misdeeds subsume all mental misdeeds? Or do all mental misdeeds subsume the three mental misdeeds? \[...\] As for what is not subsumed, it refers to sensation, perception, formations, and consciousness co-arising with covetousness, malice, and wrong view, which are not subsumed by the three." In that treatise, mental misdeeds subsume the intrinsic nature of the four skandhas, and thus the intrinsic nature of the five skandhas is designated as all misdeeds. "Question: Why are they called misdeeds? What is the meaning of misdeed (duścarita)? Answer: Because they are blameworthy and deplorable, they are called bad (duṣ-); because they are that which one travels and treads upon, they are called conduct (-carita). 'Because they are blameworthy and deplorable, they are called bad'—just as people speak of bad wives and children, bad food and clothing, etc. 'Because they are that which one travels and treads upon, they are called conduct'—namely, taking life, harsh speech, and malice traversing the sphere of sentient beings, and so forth." Wholesome mental courses of karma do not subsume a part of mental good conduct, namely all wholesome volitions, that is, non-covetousness without manifest expression, etc. The text should be checked further. Someone proposed three interpretations, none of which hit the mark. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 16.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.16.48) - [Next: 16.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.16.50) - [Up: 16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.16) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822~en-mt.16.49) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.16.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.16.49) · Pramāṇa