[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [俱舍論疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822) › 6.31 # 俱舍論疏 6.31 俱舍論疏 6.31 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [6.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.6.31) 論「且由時者至及墮一世」，開時為四也。謂一生、一住、一滅及墮一世。問：何故四相之中唯說於三，不說異相？答：此說時同生顯，同在未來將入現在。滅顯用在現在，入於過去。住顯此法於現取果，即顯未來、現在、過去三世時同。異之一相無顯時能，故此不說。《正理論》云「豈不但言一生、住、滅，即知亦是墮一世中。雖亦即知墮於一世，而猶未了此法與心過去、未來亦不相離。或為顯示諸不生法。」述曰：雖言一生、住、滅，即同一世。然未知彼生相之前、未來滅相之後、過去此法與心亦不相離，或諸不生不與心同一生、住、滅，恐疑彼法非俱有因，故言墮一世也。《正理論》云「若爾，但應言墮一世。不爾，應不令知定墮一世。」述曰：若直言墮一世，即不令知定墮一世，以同未來後時若生即不同世。雖先同世、後非同世，若不言同生、滅等，即不令知定墮一世。更言一生、滅等，知定一世，必無先後。 > On the Śāstra's stating, "First, in terms of time \[...\] and falling into one single time period": This expands time into four \[aspects\], namely: having the same arising, having the same staying, having the same cessation, and falling into one single time period. Question: Why is it that among the four characteristics only three are stated, while the characteristic of difference is not stated? Answer: This is because here, identity of time is manifested through arising, which shows being together in the future and about to enter the present; cessation manifests that activity is in the present and entering into the past; staying manifests that this phenomenon grasps its fruit in the present, thereby demonstrating that the time of the three time periods—future, present, and past—is identical. The single characteristic of difference lacks the ability to manifest time, and therefore it is not stated here. The \*Nyāyānusāra\* says: "Does not merely stating 'having the same arising, staying, and cessation' already make it known that they also fall into one single time period? Although it is indeed immediately known that they fall into one single time period, it would still not be understood that this phenomenon and the mind are also not separated in the past and the future. Alternatively, it is to demonstrate those phenomena that do not arise." Commentary: Although one says 'having the same arising, staying, and cessation' and thus being in the same time period, one would not yet know that prior to the characteristic of arising in the future, and subsequent to the characteristic of cessation in the past, this phenomenon and the mind are likewise not separated; or, fearing that one might doubt that phenomena that do not arise—which do not share the same arising, staying, and cessation with the mind—are not coexistent causes, it is therefore said that they 'fall into one single time period.' The \*Nyāyānusāra\* says: "If so, one should merely say 'falling into one single time period.' Otherwise, it would fail to make it known that they definitely fall into one single time period." Commentary: If one only said 'falling into one single time period,' it would not make it known that they definitely fall into one single time period, because although they are together in the future, if they arise at a later time they would not be in the same time period. Though they were previously in the same time period, they would not be in the same time period later; if one did not speak of sharing arising, cessation, and so forth, it would fail to make it known that they definitely fall into one single time period. By further stating 'having the same arising, cessation,' and so forth, one knows that they are definitely in one single time period and that there is necessarily no before or after. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 6.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.6.30) - [Next: 6.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.6.32) - [Up: 6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.6) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822~en-mt.6.31) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [俱舍論記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1821.6.30) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.6.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.6.31) · Pramāṇa