[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [俱舍論頌疏論本](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823) › 28.8 # 俱舍論頌疏論本 28.8 俱舍論頌疏論本 28.8 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [28.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.28.8) 定謂善一境，并伴五蘊性者，定靜慮體謂唯善性心一境性，剋體言之，以善等持為自性故，若并助伴，五蘊為體（有色蘊者定共戒也）。問：「何等名心一境性？」答：「謂能令心專注一所緣。」問：「何等名靜慮？」答：「由定寂靜，能審慮故，慮體是慧，定有靜用及生慧慮，故名靜慮。」問：「無色等持亦能靜慮，應名靜慮。」答：「無色等持不名靜慮，謂就勝義立靜慮名。色界定勝，獨名靜慮，如世間說發光名日，螢燭雖光，不得名日。」問：「何故色界定獨名為勝？」答：「一、謂諸等持內攝十八支；二、止觀均行，最能審慮；三、名現法樂住；四、名樂通行。故色界定獨名靜慮。」問：「色界染定寧得此名？」答：「由彼亦能邪審慮故，世尊亦說有惡靜慮。」問：「心一境性是靜慮體，依何相立初、二、三、四？」答：「頌言『初具伺喜樂，後漸離前支。』謂初定內具伺、喜、樂，名初靜慮。後之三定漸離前支，謂唯離伺，有喜、樂支，立第二靜慮。若離伺、喜，唯有樂支，立第三靜慮。具離三種，立第四靜慮。故一境性分為四種。」 > Regarding "concentration is a wholesome one-pointedness, / accompanied by an essence of five aggregates": the nature of dhyāna as concentration is exclusively wholesome one-pointedness of mind. Strictly speaking, its intrinsic nature is wholesome samādhi; if accompanied by attendants, its essence is the five aggregates (the presence of the aggregate of matter refers to the discipline arising with concentration). Question: "What is called one-pointedness of mind?" Answer: "It means causing the mind to focus exclusively on a single object." Question: "What is meant by dhyāna?" Answer: "Because concentration is tranquil and capable of careful reflection. The essence of reflection is wisdom; concentration possesses the function of tranquility and gives rise to the reflection of wisdom; hence it is called dhyāna (meditative reflection)." Question: "The formless concentrations are also capable of tranquil reflection; they should also be called dhyāna." Answer: "Formless concentrations are not called dhyāna because the name dhyāna is established in terms of excellence. The concentrations of the form realm are superior, so they alone are called dhyāna; just as in the worldly realm it is said that what emits light is called the sun, and although fireflies and candles have light, they cannot be called the sun." Question: "Why are the concentrations of the form realm alone called superior?" Answer: "First, among the concentrations, they encompass eighteen factors; second, calming (śamatha) and insight (vipaśyanā) operate in balance, being most capable of reflection; third, they are called dwelling in happiness in the present life; fourth, they are called the path of easy progress. Therefore, the concentrations of the form realm alone are called dhyāna." Question: "How do defiled concentrations of the form realm obtain this name?" Answer: "Because they are also capable of wrong reflection, the World-Honoured One also spoke of evil dhyānas." Question: "One-pointedness of mind is the essence of dhyāna; based on what characteristics are the first, second, third, and fourth established?" Answer: "The verse says: 'The first is endowed with examination, joy, and bliss; / the later ones gradually abandon the preceding factors.' That is, within the first concentration, being endowed with examination, joy, and bliss, it is called the first dhyāna. The latter three concentrations gradually abandon the preceding factors: abandoning only examination, having the factors of joy and bliss, establishes the second dhyāna. If one abandons examination and joy, having only the factor of bliss, it establishes the third dhyāna. Fully abandoning all three establishes the fourth dhyāna. Therefore, one-pointedness is divided into four kinds." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 28.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.28.7) - [Next: 28.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.28.9) - [Up: 28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.28) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823~en-mt.28.8) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [俱舍論記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1821.28.27) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.28.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.28.8) · Pramāṇa