[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [俱舍論頌疏論本](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823) › 8.8 # 俱舍論頌疏論本 8.8 俱舍論頌疏論本 8.8 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [8.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.8.8) 第三句名欲界者，結上也。此上五趣，器及有情總名欲界。言二十者，明欲界中處有二十。由地獄洲異者，明二十所由也。於上五趣，由地獄異及由洲異，故成二十。地獄有八，名地獄異：一、等活地獄，謂彼有情雖遭種種斫刺磨擣，而彼暫遇涼風所吹，尋蘇如本，等前活故，立等活名。二、黑繩地獄，先以黑繩秤量支體，後方斬鋸，故名黑繩。三、眾合地獄，眾多苦具俱來逼身，合黨相殘，故名眾合。四、號叫地獄，眾苦所逼，異類悲號，發怨叫聲，名為號叫。五、大號叫地獄，劇苦所逼，發大哭聲，悲叫稱怨故，名為大號叫。六、炎熱地獄，火隨身轉，炎熾周圍，熱苦難任，故名炎熱。七、極熱地獄，若內若外、自身他身俱出猛火，互相燒害，熱中極故，名為極熱。八、無間地獄者，受苦無間，或無樂間苦，故名無間。言洲異者，有四大洲：一、南贍部洲，此洲南邊有贍部樹，今此洲名或從林立名、或從果為名，名贍部洲。二、東勝身洲，身形勝故，或身勝贍部，名東勝身洲。三、西牛貨洲，以牛為貨易，故名牛貨洲。四、北俱盧洲，此云勝處，或云勝生，於四洲中處最勝故，名為勝處，生最勝故名為勝生。地獄及洲合成十二，並六欲天、傍生、餓鬼，處成二十。若有情界，從自在天至無間獄，若器世間乃至風輪，皆欲界攝。 > The third phrase, "are named the desire realm," concludes the above. The receptacles and sentient beings of these five destinies above are collectively named the desire realm. "Twenty" clarifies that there are twenty locations within the desire realm. "Due to distinctions among hells and continents" clarifies the reason for the twenty. Among the five destinies above, due to the distinctions among the hells and the distinctions among the continents, twenty are formed. There are eight hells, called the distinctions among the hells: 1. The Saṃjīva Hell (Reviving Hell), meaning that although those sentient beings suffer various cuttings, stabbings, grindings, and poundings, when they momentarily meet a cool breeze blowing on them, they immediately revive as before; reviving equally to before, it is given the name Saṃjīva. 2. The Kālasūtra Hell (Black Rope Hell), where their limbs are first measured with black cords and then subsequently cut and sawn; hence it is named Kālasūtra. 3. The Saṃghāta Hell (Crushing Hell), where manifold instruments of torment simultaneously press upon their bodies, joining together to destroy one another; hence it is named Saṃghāta. 4. The Raurava Hell (Wailing Hell), where, pressed by manifold torments, various beings cry out in sorrow and emit wailing shrieks of anguish; it is named Raurava. 5. The Mahāraurava Hell (Great Wailing Hell), where, pressed by acute suffering, they emit loud cries, sorrowfully wailing and calling out grievances; hence it is named Mahāraurava. 6. The Tapana Hell (Heating Hell), where fire follows around their bodies, blazing fiercely on all sides, and the torment of heat is unbearable; hence it is named Tapana. 7. The Pratāpana Hell (Intense Heating Hell), where internally and externally, from their own bodies and from others' bodies, raging fire bursts forth, mutually burning and harming them; being the utmost in heat, it is named Pratāpana. 8. The Avīci Hell (Uninterrupted Hell), where they undergo suffering without interval, or where no pleasure intervenes in the suffering; hence it is named Avīci. As for the distinctions among the continents, there are four great continents: 1. South Jambudvīpa: on the southern side of this continent there is a jambu tree; the name of this continent is named either from the grove or from the fruit, hence it is called Jambudvīpa. 2. East Pūrvavideha, named East Superior Body Continent because their bodily form is superior, or their bodies are superior to those of Jambudvīpa. 3. West Aparagodānīya, named Cattle-Market Continent because cattle are used as currency. 4. North Uttarakuru, translated here as "Superior Place" or "Superior Birth," because among the four continents this place is the most supreme, it is named Superior Place, and because birth there is the most supreme, it is named Superior Birth. The hells and continents together make twelve; combined with the six heavens of desire, animals, and hungry ghosts, the places total twenty. As for the realm of sentient beings, from the Paranirmitavaśavartin Heaven down to the Avīci Hell, and as for the receptacle world, down to the wind disc, all are subsumed under the desire realm. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 8.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.8.7) - [Next: 8.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.8.9) - [Up: 8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.8) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823~en-mt.8.8) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [俱舍論疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1822.8.9) — Classical Chinese - [俱舍論記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1821.8.8) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.8.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1823.8.8) · Pramāṇa