[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [瑜伽師地論略纂](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829) › 13.72 # 瑜伽師地論略纂 13.72 瑜伽師地論略纂 13.72 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [13.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829.13.72) 論名身中云「自性施設，自相施設」等者，即體一物而緣，故有自性、相二別。自性者體，相者狀也，即諸法體狀義。句得差別義故。夫名詮共相，今言自性等者，以於自性等上增言，非名即稱自相。意云：非稱自性等，但於上施設，如說天人眼耳等事施設故者。下文言亦名名，亦名相。我相者即名，名相從相發故。果從因為名，差別法上亦有名在，然差別義，句圓滿名句，不名名；一名名名，二名、三名名多名身。一名亦有身業等不？句身亦有詮自性之句，然通得其名，其名於義句圓名句。何故？字無詮表，如當遮表意，亦是能詮。今解：色非以意中名尋解彼字。此小大難，《對法》對讀。《顯揚》十二云大精。有字非名，謂四十九字，二道等，愛鄔等；有一字即是名，如言眼等；有名非句，謂一字名；有名亦句，如名字名。准此，即二字名亦名句，但是句名，必是名字，後含前故。如言諸惡，即文不滿句；若言諸惡者，即義不滿句。句中含一言雖未圓，多名亦名句。無一字句，文義俱不滿，非句，二字名可爾。 > Where the treatise discusses the collection of names (nāmakāya) and states "designation of intrinsic nature (svabhāva-prajñapti), designation of individual characteristics (svalakṣaṇa-prajñapti)," and so forth: this means that although the substance is a single thing, depending on cognitive conditions, there are two distinct aspects: intrinsic nature and characteristics. "Intrinsic nature" is the substance; "characteristic" is the aspect; this refers to the substance and aspect of dharmas. A sentence expresses distinct attributes. Now, names express common characteristics (sāmānyalakṣaṇa); here, in speaking of "intrinsic nature" and so forth, it is because speech is superimposed upon intrinsic nature and the like, not that the name is identical to the individual characteristic. The meaning is: it is not identical to intrinsic nature, etc., but merely designated upon them, as in the designations of phenomena such as devas, humans, eyes, ears, etc. Later text also calls them names and calls them marks. The mark of self is precisely the name, because names and marks issue from marks. The fruit is named after the cause; names also exist upon differentiated dharmas, but when differentiated meanings are fully completed in a sentence, it is called a sentence (pada), not a name. A single name is called a name; two or three names are called a collection of names (nāmakāya). Does a single name also have bodily karma, etc.? A collection of sentences also includes sentences that express intrinsic nature, but it generally receives that designation; when that name fulfills a meaning within a sentence, it is called a sentence. Why? Letters have no expressive function; if they are intended to block or express meaning, they are also expressive. Now the explanation: matter is not understood through the name in the mind by examining those letters. This is an issue debated between Hinayāna and Mahāyāna; compare it with the Abhidharma\[-samuccaya\]. The twelfth fascicle of the Prakaraṇāryavācā is very precise. There are letters that are not names, namely the forty-nine letters, the two pathways, etc., ai, u, etc.; there are single letters that are names, such as saying "eye," etc.; there are names that are not sentences, namely single-character names; there are names that are also sentences, such as names of nouns. Accordingly, a two-character name is also called a sentence; but if it is a sentence-name, it must be a letter-name, because the latter contains the former. For instance, saying "all evils" is incomplete in phrasing to form a sentence; if one says "those who commit all evils," the meaning is incomplete for a sentence. Even though a single word contained in a sentence is not yet complete, multiple names are also called a sentence. There is no single-character sentence; both phrasing and meaning are incomplete, so it is not a sentence, whereas a two-character name can be so. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 13.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829.13.71) - [Next: 13.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829.13.73) - [Up: 13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829.13) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829~en-mt.13.72) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [瑜伽論記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1828.13.427) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829.13.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1829.13.72) · Pramāṇa