[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [成唯識論述記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830) › 7.29 # 成唯識論述記 7.29 成唯識論述記 7.29 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [7.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.7.29) 述曰：世間、聖教有於無心之位，亦名睡眠，此假立也。如論說言無心睡眠，此則是也。由眠所引，似起眠時，故亦名眠。寧知睡眠別有，非即無心？如餘蓋故，餘蓋必是心所法，故非無體法。言五蓋者：一、貪欲蓋；二、嗔恚蓋；三、惛沈睡眠蓋；四、掉舉惡作蓋；五、疑蓋。覆蔽其心，令善不轉是蓋義，由貪境界障樂出家，由嗔諫犯障覺正行。惛眠障止，引沈沒故；掉、悔障舉，引散亂故；疑不決定，障捨位故。此總五蓋能障三位：初樂出家，次修正行，後入正定，修止、舉、捨如次為障。若言蓋因緣故，亦名為蓋。非必是心所者，應如餘纏，唯心所故。纏有八種：惛沈、睡眠、掉舉、惡作、嫉、慳、無慚、無愧。數數增盛，纏繞其心，於修善品，能為障故。初二障止；次二障舉；嫉、慳障捨，於自、他利，吝妬門中，數動心故。蓋中障捨，與此不同，彼約定心，非止非舉，平等名捨，疑能障此，此依二利，平等名捨。故不相違。無慚、無愧障修尸羅，具此二者，犯諸學處，無羞恥故，故此蓋、纏，不增不減。 > The Commentary states: In worldly convention and in the sacred teachings, periods of mindlessness are also called 'sleep' (middha), but this is merely a metaphorical designation. This is precisely what the treatise means when it speaks of 'mindless sleep'. Because it is induced by sleep and resembles the time when sleep arises, it is also called sleep. How do we know that sleep separately exists and is not simply mindlessness? Because it is like the other hindrances (nīvaraṇa); the other hindrances are necessarily mental factors (caitasika) and therefore are not phenomena without substantial reality. Speaking of the five hindrances: first, the hindrance of sensual desire (kāmacchanda); second, the hindrance of ill-will (vyāpāda); third, the hindrance of torpor and sleep (styāna-middha); fourth, the hindrance of restlessness and remorse (auddhatya-kaukṛtya); fifth, the hindrance of doubt (vicikitsā). 'Hindrance' means covering and obscuring the mind so that wholesome states do not arise. Sensual desire for sensory objects impedes delight in leaving the household life; ill-will toward admonition for transgressions impedes awakening to correct practice. Torpor and sleep impede calming (śamatha) because they induce sinking; restlessness and remorse impede energizing (pragraha) because they induce distraction; doubt lacks decisiveness and thus impedes the state of equanimity (upekṣā). These five hindrances collectively can impede three stages: first, delight in leaving the household life; next, cultivation of correct practice; and finally, entry into correct concentration, where they impede the cultivation of calming, energizing, and equanimity, respectively. If one were to say that it is also called a hindrance merely by reason of cause and condition, and is not necessarily a mental factor, then it should be like the other entanglements (paryavasthāna), which are exclusively mental factors. There are eight kinds of entanglements: torpor, sleep, restlessness, remorse, envy (īrṣyā), stinginess (mātsarya), shamelessness (āhrīkya), and unconscionableness (anapatrāpya). They repeatedly grow strong and entangle the mind, acting as obstacles to the cultivation of wholesome factors. The first two impede calming; the next two impede energizing; envy and stinginess impede equanimity because they repeatedly disturb the mind regarding self-interest and the welfare of others within the gates of stinginess and jealousy. Impeding equanimity among the hindrances is not the same as this: that refers to the mind in concentration, where neither calming nor energizing, being impartial, is called equanimity, and doubt can impede this; here it is based on the two benefits \[of self and other\], where being impartial is called equanimity. Hence they do not contradict each other. Shamelessness and unconscionableness impede the cultivation of morality (śīla); one who possesses these two violates all precepts without shame, and therefore these hindrances and entanglements neither increase nor decrease. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 7.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.7.28) - [Next: 7.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.7.30) - [Up: 7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.7) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830~en-mt.7.29) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [大乘阿毘達磨集論](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.yogacara.abhidharmasamuccaya*zh-xuanzang.4.25) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.7.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.7.29) · Pramāṇa