[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [成唯識論述記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830) › 8.341 # 成唯識論述記 8.341 成唯識論述記 8.341 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [8.341](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.8.341) 第五、因果差別。此有五種：一、等起因果，謂前前支為因，後後支為果。十二支中無明唯因，老死唯果，餘亦因亦果。無明無所從，老死無所起故，此約十二支內分別也。故第十云：「初一唯因，後一唯果，餘通因果。」二、本末因果。無明、愛、取三體是煩惱，業、苦本故，唯是因也。生、老死二唯是於果，體唯是苦，惑業之果，五種之果故。餘亦因亦果，是煩惱之果，生老之因故。第十云：「三唯是因，二唯是果，餘通因果。」又，生、老、死唯果，末故；前六及愛、取、有三，是因，本故。受通因、果，通本、末等。第十云：「前六、愛、取、有三，是因分；後二為果分；受通二種，此有二等，廣如彼說。」 > Fifth, the distinctions of cause and result. There are five kinds of these: First, causes and results of co-origination (samutthāna), meaning that the preceding links are causes and the subsequent links are results. Among the twelve links, ignorance is solely a cause, aging-and-death is solely a result, and the remaining ones are both cause and result. Ignorance has nothing it follows from, and aging-and-death has nothing that arises from it; this is distinguished within the twelve links. Thus Fascicle 10 says: 'The first one is solely a cause, the last one is solely a result, and the remainder are both cause and result.' Second, primary and secondary causes and results. Ignorance, craving, and grasping—these three have defilement as their substance, and because they are the root of karma and suffering, they are solely causes. Birth and aging-and-death—these two are solely results, their essence is solely suffering, and they are the results of defilement and karma, the results of the five kinds. The remainder are both cause and result, because they are results of defilement and causes of birth and aging. Fascicle 10 says: 'Three are solely causes, two are solely results, and the remainder are both cause and result.' Furthermore, birth and aging-and-death are solely results, because they are secondary; the preceding six and craving, grasping, and existence—these three—are causes, because they are roots. Feeling is both cause and result, and encompasses both root and branch, etc. Fascicle 10 says: 'The preceding six and the three of craving, grasping, and existence are the causal portion; the latter two are the resultant portion; feeling is common to both kinds; there are two kinds of this, etc., as extensively explained there.' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 8.340](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.8.340) - [Next: 8.342](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.8.342) - [Up: 8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.8) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830~en-mt.8.341) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.8.341](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1830.8.341) · Pramāṇa