[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [成唯識論了義燈](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832) › 3.2 # 成唯識論了義燈 3.2 成唯識論了義燈 3.2 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.3.2) 《論》：有三有為之有為相，具如疏解。然准《婆沙》三十八云：如譬喻者諸有為相，是不相應行蘊所攝，少同大乘，即經部本師。然通離識、不離識，別在下例破。分別論者，說此能相，皆是無為。法密部說，三相有為，滅相無為。立無為者，非此所破。下無為中，方始例破。此等雖立作有為相，非不相應，以論文中標結，但破不相應故。有言，已他破竟，故此不破。今謂不爾。非他已破，今此不破。諸不相應，經部已破，今復破故。或雖無為，然為能相。今破能相義，下破無為義。二段俱破，理亦不違。相似相續，沙門所說色法，生住老無常，體還是色，乃至識法，生老住無常，體還是識。此下例破，不別破之。不爾。色、心之體，即色、心故，有相符失。經部師立准婆沙說，同大乘立一期四相。薩婆多師云：唯是眾同分相，非有為相。此意說云：一期四相，但與同分，而為能相，非諸有為相。以諸有為，剎那剎那，皆具四相故，即薩婆多不許。依經立一期四相，依世俗諦，理即不遮。《婆沙》三十八，多復次解故，諸餘門義，如諸論辨。 > The treatise says: "There are three conditioned characteristics of the conditioned..." fully explained as in the commentary. However, according to the \*Vibhāṣā\*, fascicle 38: Just as the Dārṣṭāntikas hold that all conditioned characteristics are subsumed under the skandha of non-concurrent formations, which is slightly similar to the Mahāyāna, this refers to the original teachers of the Sautrāntika. Yet whether \[they are\] separate from consciousness or not separate from consciousness is refuted by analogy below. The Vibhajyavādins say that these characterizing marks are all unconditioned. The Dharmaguptakas say that the three characteristics are conditioned, while the characteristic of cessation is unconditioned. Those who establish them as unconditioned are not what is refuted here. They will only be refuted by analogy below under the unconditioned. Although these \[schools\] establish them as conditioned characteristics, they are not non-concurrent formations, because the proposition and conclusion in the text of the treatise solely refute non-concurrent formations. Some say that since they have already been refuted by others, they are not refuted here. I now say this is not so. It is not that because others have already refuted them, they are not refuted here; for all non-concurrent formations were already refuted by the Sautrāntikas, yet they are refuted again here. Or, although they are unconditioned, nevertheless they serve as characterizing marks; now the meaning of characterizing marks is refuted, and below the meaning of the unconditioned is refuted. Both sections being refuted does not conflict with principle either. What is spoken by śramaṇas of similar continuity—that the arising, staying, aging, and impermanence of material phenomena have materiality as their essence, up to the arising, staying, aging, and impermanence of consciousness phenomena having consciousness as their essence—is refuted by analogy below and not refuted separately. If it were not so, since the essence of matter and mind is just matter and mind, there would be the fault of proving what is already accepted. The Sautrāntika masters establish—according to what the \*Vibhāṣā\* says—the four characteristics of a single lifetime in common with the Mahāyāna. The Sarvāstivādin masters say: "They are solely characteristics of generic resemblance (sabhāgatā), not conditioned characteristics." This meaning says: the four characteristics of a single lifetime only serve as characterizing marks for generic resemblance, not characteristics of all conditioned phenomena, because all conditioned phenomena, moment by moment, possess all four characteristics; thus the Sarvāstivādins do not accept \[it\]. Basing oneself on the sūtras to establish the four characteristics of a single lifetime is not precluded according to conventional truth. The \*Vibhāṣā\*, fascicle 38, provides multiple alternate explanations; other aspects are as distinguished in various treatises. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.3.1) - [Next: 3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.3.3) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.3) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832~en-mt.3.2) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.3.2) · Pramāṇa