[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [成唯識論了義燈](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832) › 6.13 # 成唯識論了義燈 6.13 成唯識論了義燈 6.13 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [6.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.6.13) 前說為好。隣彼勝心非起生得方便亦定七，初得定生九，自在起十三者。若方便善生欲七心，若初得定即能起九，加色定善。故六十九云：若先未起靜慮、無色，初欲生時要從欲界善心無間，初靜慮地善心得生，受生位中起上有覆，若久習者，無間生十三，欲界六心，除其不善，色界三心，方便有覆，并及威儀，起無色二方便善心及以有覆，并學、無學心，總望善說。從他生亦然者，亦從前十三此方便善生，不善自地七，餘界有二說，定得無間生自地七。上地二說：一云，若諸異生離欲界欲，雖不能伏欲見道惑，而定慚等力，所制伏不起不善，即欲不善非為無間，生上地心，以其迷理惑，總不伏故彼得起，緣事無漸類等已伏，雖起迷理故非不善；二云，既不能伏見所起惑分別見等，故容不善無間生色，異熟生心，威儀有覆；生無色二異熟有覆。總十二心，自上各七生者，從自地七亦上七生。從色有覆，生得威儀，并異熟生。據定姓人所知障，說下不善起，非方便善勢強勝故，非業異熟起非雜故。無色界三生得有覆異熟生心，從十四生。若准初解但欲七起，有覆同十二者，如第二師不善心說。從他十六生者，從自地七，色界五心，二善異熟有覆，威儀無色四心，除色威儀故。生死等分別者，六十九云：退先所得二界定時，由染污心現前故退，此下染心從上善染無間而生，此說退定起下心者，又從上歿從上地善、染、無記無間，唯生下地染污，此說潤生從彼類起，又見道惑亦容上界三性間生，但除方便，義如前說。異熟唯生九自七二有覆者，生自地七上二有覆，即潤生位。亦從自七生者，六十九云：從欲界繫若善、若染污、若無覆無記，無間遍生欲繫一切，故知異熟亦自七起。威儀巧定九或十五不定者，生自地七上二有覆，亦潤生位，或十五不定者，得定自在從此二心，亦可起二，若無工巧但起威儀，及二方便學、無學心。或總不得，勢力劣故，約似欲心變化無記，生色善心，六十九說文如前引。二從他自七上二界不定者，威儀、工巧從欲七生，上界不定，上下間生從二，有覆色界，威儀生得異熟。或總不得，勢隔遠故，且約欲界心生他自，餘者准知，恐繁故止。《俱舍》第七說與此別，披對可知，《雜集》第五但約生因，有其十種心生次第，略示大綱，亦不具述。 > The former explanation is preferable. Being adjacent to that superior mind, innate \[goodness\] does not arise. As for "the expedient \[good mind\] also definitely \[gives rise to\] seven; upon first attaining concentration it gives rise to nine; when sovereign it gives rise to thirteen": when expedient goodness gives rise to the seven minds of the desire realm, if one has first attained concentration, it can give rise to nine, adding the concentrated good \[mind\] of the form realm. Thus, fascicle sixty-nine states: "If one has not previously generated the dhyānas or the formless \[attainments\], when first wishing to generate them, one must proceed immediately from a desire-realm good mind to give rise to the good mind of the first dhyāna stage; during the state of taking rebirth, the defiled \[unobscured minds\] of the higher \[realms\] arise." If one has practiced for a long time, it immediately gives rise to thirteen: six minds of the desire realm (excluding the unwholesome), three minds of the form realm (expedient, defiled, and deportment), and two of the formless realm (the expedient good mind and the defiled), as well as the minds of learners (śaikṣa) and non-learners (aśaikṣa)—this is spoken generally with respect to the good \[mind\]. As for "arising from another is likewise": it also arises from the preceding thirteen minds into this expedient good mind. "Unwholesome \[arises from\] the seven of its own stage, while for the other realms there are two explanations": it definitely gives rise immediately to the seven of its own stage. Regarding the higher stages, there are two explanations: First, if pṛthagjanas are detached from the desire of the desire realm, although they cannot subdue the afflictions of the desire-realm path of vision, by the power of concentration, shame (hrī), and the like, they are restrained and do not give rise to the unwholesome; that is, the unwholesome of desire does not immediately give rise to the minds of higher stages. Because the delusion regarding principles is not subdued at all, it can arise; \[delusions\] regarding objects \[such as\] lack of shame and their kind are already subdued, so although \[delusion\] regarding principles arises, it is not unwholesome. Second, since they cannot subdue the afflictions arising from \[wrong\] views—discriminative views and the like—it is admitted that the unwholesome immediately gives rise to the form \[realm's\] mind born of fruition, deportment, and defiled \[minds\], and gives rise to the formless \[realm's\] two minds of fruition and defilement, making twelve minds in total. As for "from itself and above, seven arise each": it arises from the seven of its own stage and also the seven of the stages above. From the form realm's defiled \[mind\], innate \[goodness\], deportment, and fruition arise. This is stated regarding the cognitive obscurations of those with determined gotra: the lower unwholesome arises, but not expedient goodness because its power is superior, and not karmic fruition because it does not arise in an unmixed manner. The three minds of the formless realm—innate, defiled, and fruition-born—arise from fourteen. According to the first explanation, it only arises from the seven of desire. As for "the defiled is likewise twelve": it is as explained by the second master regarding the unwholesome mind. As for "from others, sixteen arise": it arises from the seven of its own stage, five minds of the form realm (two good, fruition, defiled, and deportment), and four minds of the formless realm, excluding the deportment of the form realm. As for "distinctions such as life and death": fascicle sixty-nine states: "When retrogressing from the previously attained concentrations of the two realms, one retrogresses because a defiled mind becomes manifest; this lower defiled mind arises immediately from the higher good or defiled \[mind\]." This refers to retrogressing from concentration to generate a lower mind. Furthermore: "When dying from above, immediately after the good, defiled, or indeterminate \[minds\] of the higher stages, only the defiled of the lower stages arises." This refers to moistening rebirth arising from those kinds. Furthermore, the afflictions of the path of vision are also admitted to arise alternately from the three natures of the higher realms, except for expedient \[goodness\], the meaning of which is as stated previously. As for "fruition gives rise only to nine, its own seven and the two defiled": it gives rise to the seven of its own stage and the two defiled of the higher realms, which is the state of moistening rebirth. As for "also arising from its own seven": fascicle sixty-nine states: "Immediately following what belongs to the desire realm, whether good, defiled, or non-defiled indeterminate, it universally gives rise to all that belongs to the desire realm." Therefore, we know that fruition also arises from its own seven. As for "deportment and technical skill definitely \[give rise to\] nine, or fifteen variably": they give rise to the seven of their own stage and the two defiled of the higher realms, also in the state of moistening rebirth. As for "or fifteen variably": one who has attained mastery in concentration can, from these two minds, also give rise to the two \[of the higher realms\]; if without technical skill, only deportment arises, along with the two expedient \[minds\] and the minds of learners and non-learners. Or they cannot \[arise\] at all, because their power is weak; this is spoken in terms of transformative indeterminate \[minds\] resembling desire minds giving rise to the good mind of the form realm, as cited above from fascicle sixty-nine. As for "the two from other and own seven, in the upper two realms are variable": deportment and technical skill arise from the seven of desire; in the upper realms they are variable. When arising alternately between higher and lower, they arise from the two defiled minds, and from the form realm's deportment, innate, and fruition. Or they cannot \[arise\] at all, because their power is separated and distant. This is tentatively explained in terms of desire-realm minds giving rise to others and themselves; the rest should be understood by analogy, and are omitted lest it become cumbersome. The explanation in fascicle seven of the Kośa differs from this, as can be known by comparison. Fascicle five of the Samuccaya merely deals with generative causes, presenting ten kinds of sequential mind generation in a brief outline, without detailing them all. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 6.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.6.12) - [Next: 6.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.6.14) - [Up: 6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.6) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832~en-mt.6.13) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.6.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1832.6.13) · Pramāṇa